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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Navbox<br />
| name = Philosophy of religion<br />
| title = [[Philosophy of religion]]<br />
| state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}}<br />
| bodyclass = hlist<br />
| groupstyle = text-align:center;<br />
<br />
| group2 = [[Conceptions of God]]<br />
| list2 =<br />
{{Navbox|child|evenodd = swap<br />
| listclass = hlist<br />
| groupstyle = font-weight:normal; text-align:center;<br />
| groupwidth = 4em<br />
<br />
| group1 = <br />
| list1 = <br />
* [[Brahman]]<br />
* [[Demiurge]]<br />
* [[Divine simplicity]]<br />
* [[Ethical egoism|Egoism]]<br />
* [[God Speaks]]<br />
* [[Holy Spirit]]<br />
* [[Misotheism]]<br />
* [[Pandeism]]<br />
* [[Personal god]]<br />
* [[Process theology]]<br />
* [[God|Supreme Being]]<br />
* [[Unmoved mover]]<br />
<br />
| group2 = God in<br />
| list2 = <br />
* [[God in Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic religions]]<br />
* [[Creator in Buddhism|Buddhism]]<br />
* [[God in Christianity|Christianity]]<br />
* [[God in Hinduism|Hinduism]]<br />
* [[God in Islam|Islam]]<br />
* [[God in Jainism|Jainism]]<br />
* [[God in Judaism|Judaism]]<br />
* [[God in Mormonism|Mormonism]]<br />
* [[God in Sikhism|Sikhism]]<br />
* [[God in the Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí Faith]]<br />
* [[Wiccan views of divinity|Wicca]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
| group3 = [[Existence of God]]<br />
| list3 =<br />
{{Navbox|child|evenodd = swap<br />
| listclass = hlist<br />
| groupstyle = font-weight:normal; text-align:center;<br />
| groupwidth = 4em<br />
<br />
| group1 = For<br />
| list1 = <br />
* [[Argument from beauty|Beauty]]<br />
* [[Christological argument|Christological]]<br />
** [[Lewis' trilemma|Trilemma]]<br />
** [[Resurrection of Jesus|Resurrection]]<br />
* [[Argument from consciousness|Consciousness]]<br />
* [[Cosmological argument|Cosmological]]<br />
** [[Kalam cosmological argument|Kalam cosmological]]<br />
** [[Cosmological argument#Aquinas's argument from contingency|Contingency]]<br />
** [[Cosmological argument#Duns Scotus's metaphysical argument|Metaphysical]]<br />
* [[Argument from degree|Degree]]<br />
* [[Argument from desire|Desire]]<br />
* [[Argument from religious experience|Experience]]<br />
* [[Leap of faith|Existential choice]]<br />
* [[Fine-tuned universe]]<br />
* [[Ontological argument#Baruch Spinoza|Knowledge]]<br />
* [[Argument from love|Love]]<br />
* [[Mathematics and God|Mathematics]]<br />
* [[Argument from miracles|Miracles]]<br />
* [[Argument from morality|Morality]]<br />
* [[George Berkeley#Theology|Mystical idealism]]<br />
* [[Natural-law argument|Natural-law]]<br />
* [[Proof of the Truthful|Necessary existent]]<br />
** [[Seddiqin argument|Seddiqin]]<br />
* [[Nyayakusumanjali]]<br />
* [[Ontological argument|Ontological]]<br />
** [[Proslogion|Anselm]]<br />
** [[Gödel's ontological proof|Gödel]]<br />
** [[Meinongian argument|Meinongian]]<br />
** [[Ontological argument#Modal versions of the ontological argument|Modal]]<br />
** [[Transcendent theosophy|Mulla Sadra]]<br />
* [[Pascal's wager]]<br />
* [[Argument from reason|Reason]]<br />
* [[Reformed epistemology|Proper basis and Reformed epistemology]]<br />
* [[Religious responses to the problem of evil|Responses to the problem of evil]]<br />
* [[Teleological argument|Teleological]]<br />
** [[Natural-law argument|Natural law]]<br />
** [[Watchmaker analogy|Watchmaker]]<br />
* [[Existence of God#Arguments from witnesses' testimony|Testimony]]<br />
** [[Existence of God#Arguments from historical events|Historical events]]<br />
** [[Existence of God#Arguments from the authority of historical personages|Historical personages]]<br />
* [[Trademark argument|Trademark]]<br />
* [[Transcendental argument for the existence of God|Transcendental]]<br />
<br />
| group2 = Against<br />
| list2 = <br />
* [[Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit|747 gambit]]<br />
* [[Atheist's Wager]]<br />
* [[Problem of evil|Evil]]<br />
* [[Argument from free will|Free will]]<br />
* [[Problem of Hell|Hell]]<br />
* [[Argument from inconsistent revelations|Inconsistent revelations]]<br />
* [[Argument from nonbelief|Nonbelief]]<br />
* [[Theological noncognitivism|Noncognitivism]]<br />
* [[Occam's razor]]<br />
* [[Omnipotence paradox|Omnipotence]]<br />
* [[Argument from poor design|Poor design]]<br />
* [[Russell's teapot]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
| group4 = [[Theology]]<br />
| list4 = <br />
* [[Acosmism]]<br />
* [[Agnosticism]]<br />
* [[Animism]]<br />
* [[Antireligion]]<br />
* [[Atheism]]<br />
* [[Creationism]]<br />
* [[Dharma|Dharmism]]<br />
* [[Deism]]<br />
* [[Demonology]]<br />
* [[Divine command theory]]<br />
* [[Dualism in cosmology|Dualism]]<br />
* [[Western esotericism|Esotericism]]<br />
* [[Exclusivism]]<br />
* [[Existentialism]]<br />
** [[Christian existentialism|Christian]]<br />
** [[Atheistic existentialism|Atheistic]]<br />
* [[Feminist theology]]<br />
** [[Thealogy]]<br />
** [[Womanist theology]]<br />
* [[Fideism]]<br />
* [[Fundamentalism]]<br />
* [[Gnosticism]]<br />
* [[Henotheism]]<br />
* [[Humanism]]<br />
** [[Religious humanism|Religious]]<br />
** [[Secular humanism|Secular]]<br />
** [[Christian humanism|Christian]]<br />
* [[Inclusivism]]<br />
* [[Theories about religions]]<br />
* [[Monism]]<br />
* [[Monotheism]]<br />
* [[Mysticism]]<br />
* [[Naturalism (philosophy)|Naturalism]]<br />
** [[Metaphysical naturalism|Metaphysical]]<br />
** [[Religious naturalism|Religious]]<br />
** [[Humanistic naturalism|Humanistic]]<br />
* [[New Age]]<br />
* [[Nondualism]]<br />
* [[Nontheism]]<br />
* [[Pandeism]]<br />
* [[Panentheism]]<br />
* [[Pantheism]]<br />
* [[Perennial philosophy|Perennialism]]<br />
* [[Polytheism]]<br />
* [[Possibilianism]]<br />
* [[Process theology]]<br />
* [[Religious skepticism]]<br />
* [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|Spiritualism]]<br />
* [[Shamanism]]<br />
* [[East Asian religions|Taoic]]<br />
* [[Theism]]<br />
* [[Transcendentalism]]<br />
<br />
| group7 = {{longitem|[[:Category:Philosophers of religion|Philosophers<br/>of religion]]}}<br>(by date active)<br />
| list7 = <br />
<section begin=Philosophers of religion /><br />
{{Navbox|child<br />
| listclass = hlist<br />
| groupstyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:center;<br />
| groupwidth = 4em<br />
| group1 = [[Ancient Greek philosophy|Ancient]] and<br>[[Medieval philosophy|medieval]]<br />
| list1 = <br />
* [[Anselm of Canterbury]]<br />
* [[Augustine of Hippo]]<br />
* [[Avicenna]]<br />
* [[Averroes]]<br />
* [[Boethius]]<br />
* [[Gaudapada]]<br />
* [[Gaunilo of Marmoutiers]]<br />
* [[Giovanni Pico della Mirandola|Pico della Mirandola]]<br />
* [[Heraclitus]]<br />
* [[James VI and I|King James VI and I]]<br />
* [[Marcion of Sinope]]<br />
* [[Maimonides]]<br />
* [[Adi Shankara]]<br />
* [[Thomas Aquinas]]<br />
* [[William of Ockham]]<br />
<br />
| group2 = [[Early modern philosophy|Early modern]]<br />
| list2 = <br />
* [[Antoine Augustin Calmet|Augustin Calmet]]<br />
* [[René Descartes]]<br />
* [[Blaise Pascal]]<br />
* [[Erasmus|Desiderius Erasmus]]<br />
* [[Baruch Spinoza]]<br />
* [[Nicolas Malebranche]]<br />
* [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Gottfried W Leibniz]]<br />
* [[William Wollaston]]<br />
* [[Thomas Chubb]]<br />
* [[David Hume]]<br />
* [[Baron d'Holbach]]<br />
* [[Immanuel Kant]]<br />
* [[Johann Gottfried Herder|Johann G Herder]]<br />
<br />
<!--<br />
@@@@-------------------SzM<br />
@ From 1800 onwards the list gets crowded. Hence I strictly adhere to the time-of-FLOURISH of the philosophers.<br />
@ I refer to the bibliography of particular philosophers for this purpose.<br />
<br />
@ After a while... I realize I'm not quite that professional (in this field) enough to sort out the time-of-flourish...<br />
@ So, I revert back to year-of-BIRTH, while bearing a general estimation of "flourish at 40 yrs old" in mind.<br />
@@@@-------------------SzM<br />
--><br />
<br />
| group3 = 1800<br>1850<br />
| list3 = <br />
<!--b. 1760--><br />
* [[Friedrich Schleiermacher]]<br />
* [[Karl Christian Friedrich Krause|Karl C F Krause]]<br />
* [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Georg W F Hegel]]<br />
<br />
<!--b. 1800--><br />
* [[Thomas Carlyle]]<br />
* [[William Whewell]]<br />
* [[Ludwig Feuerbach]]<br />
* [[Søren Kierkegaard]]<br />
* [[Karl Marx]]<br />
* [[Albrecht Ritschl]]<br />
* [[Afrikan Spir]]<br />
<br />
| group4 = 1880<br>1900<br />
| list4 = <br />
<!--b. 1830--><br />
* [[Ernst Haeckel]]<!--first 20th-century person--><br />
* [[William Kingdon Clifford|W K Clifford]]<br />
* [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]<br />
* [[Harald Høffding]]<br />
* [[William James]]<br />
<br />
* [[Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)|Vladimir Solovyov]]<br />
<!--b. 1860--><br />
* [[Ernst Troeltsch]]<br />
* [[Rudolf Otto]]<br />
* [[Lev Shestov]]<br />
* [[Sergei Bulgakov]]<br />
* [[Pavel Florensky]]<br />
* [[Ernst Cassirer]]<br />
* [[Joseph Maréchal]]<br />
<br />
<!--NOTE for the section: whether these few people belong to late modern or contemporary is cut by whether they outlived WWII; so I actually bend the birthdate-rule for ~10 yrs.--><br />
<br />
| group5 = 1920<br>postwar<br />
| list5 = <br />
* [[George Santayana]]<!--although old, he has a "contemporary style"; moreover, he's in the U.S., therefore I separate him from the "Europeans".--><br />
* [[Bertrand Russell]]<!--first post-war person--><br />
* [[Martin Buber]]<br />
* [[René Guénon]]<br />
* [[Paul Tillich]]<br />
* [[Karl Barth]]<br />
* [[Emil Brunner]]<br />
* [[Rudolf Bultmann]]<br />
* [[Gabriel Marcel]]<br />
<!--b. 1890--><br />
* [[Reinhold Niebuhr]]<br />
<br />
* [[Charles Hartshorne]]<!--first 1990+ person--><br />
* [[Mircea Eliade]]<br />
* [[Frithjof Schuon]]<br />
<!--b. 1910--><br />
* [[J. L. Mackie|J L Mackie]]<br />
* [[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Walter Kaufmann]]<br />
* [[Martin Lings]]<br />
* [[Peter Geach]]<br />
* [[George I. Mavrodes|George I Mavrodes]]<br />
* [[William Alston]]<br />
* [[Antony Flew]]<br />
<br />
| group6 = 1970<br>1990<br>2010<br />
| list6 = <br />
<!--b. 1930--><br />
* [[William L. Rowe|William L Rowe]]<br />
* [[Dewi Zephaniah Phillips|Dewi Z Phillips]]<br />
* [[Alvin Plantinga]]<br />
* [[Anthony Kenny]]<br />
* [[Nicholas Wolterstorff]]<br />
* [[Richard Swinburne]]<br />
* [[Robert Merrihew Adams]]<br />
<!--b. 1940--><br />
* [[Ravi Zacharias]]<br />
<!--b. 1950--><br />
* [[Peter van Inwagen]]<br />
* [[Daniel Dennett]]<br />
* [[Loyal Rue]]<br />
* [[Jean-Luc Marion]]<br />
* [[William Lane Craig]]<br />
* [[Ali Akbar Rashad]]<br />
<br />
<!--b. 1970+--><br />
* [[Alexander Pruss]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<section end=Philosophers of religion /><br />
| group9 = Related topics<br />
| list9 = <br />
* [[Criticism of religion]]<br />
* [[Desacralization of knowledge]]<br />
* [[Ethics in religion]]<br />
* [[Exegesis]]<br />
* [[History of religion]]<br />
* [[Religion]]<br />
* [[Problem of religious language|Religious language]]<br />
* [[Religious philosophy]]<br />
* [[Relationship between religion and science]]<br />
* [[Faith and rationality]]<br />
<br />
| below = <br />
* {{icon|portal}} [[Portal:Philosophy|Portal]]<br />
* {{icon|CAT}} [[:Category:Philosophy of religion|Category]]<br />
<br />
}}<noinclude><br />
{{Documentation}}<br />
</noinclude></div>
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