Editing Yogi Bhajan

{{short description|American Sikh yogi (1929–2004)}}
<!--{{COI|reason=attempts to remove reliably-cited evidence of allegations of abuse|date=February 2021}}-->
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Yogi Bhajan
| image              = Yogi_Bhajan_1985.jpg
| caption            = In 1985
| birth_name         = Harbhajan Singh Puri
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1929|08|26}}
| birth_place        = Kot Harkarn, [[Gujranwala|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|2004|10|6|1929|8|26}}
| death_place        = {{nowrap|[[Española, New Mexico]], United States}}
| spouse             = Bibi Inderjit Kaur
| children           = Ranbir Singh, Kulbir Singh, Kamaljit Kaur
| citizenship        = {{Plainlist|
* India (1929–1976)
* United States (1976–2004)
}}
| education          = Panjab University, New Delhi, India (Master of Economics, 1952), University for Humanistic Studies, Solana Beach, CA, USA (PhD, Psychology of Communication, 1980)
| organizations      = Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization (3HO), Sikh Dharma International, Kundalini Research Institute, Siri Singh Sahib Corporation
| known_for          = Alleged serial sexual assault and abuse ,promoting [[Kundalini yoga]], Sikh missionary activities
| title              = Yogi, Siri Singh Sahib, Bhai Sahib, Panth Rattan
| signature          = Signature of Harbhajan Singh Khalsa.svg
}}

'''Yogi Bhajan''' (born '''Harbhajan Singh Puri''')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sikhnet.com/yogibhajan |title=Biography |publisher=Sikhnet |access-date=January 2, 2011}}</ref> (August 26, 1929 – October 6, 2004), also known as '''Siri Singh Sahib''' to his followers, was an American entrepreneur, [[Modern yoga gurus|yoga guru]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Shearer |first=Alistair |title=The Story of Yoga: From Ancient India to the Modern West |title-link=The Story of Yoga |date=2020 |publisher=[[Hurst Publishers]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-78738-192-6 |page=210}}</ref> and putative spiritual teacher. He introduced his version of [[Kundalini yoga]] to the United States. He was the spiritual director of the [[3HO|3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization)]] foundation (and [[3HO#Business ventures|business ventures]]), with over 300 centers in 35 countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095926837 |publisher=Oxford Reference |access-date=28 March 2021}}</ref> He was accused of sexual abuse by several dozen of his female followers; an investigation called the Olive Branch Report found the allegations most likely true.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stuart |first=Gwynedd |date=2020-07-15 |title=Yogi Bhajan Turned an L.A. Yoga Studio into a Juggernaut, and Left Two Generations of Followers Reeling from Alleged Abuse |url=https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/yogi-bhajan/|access-date=2021-02-26 |website=[[Los Angeles (magazine)|Los Angeles Magazine]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-15 |title=A New Report Details Decades of Abuse at the Hands of Yogi Bhajan |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/yoga-101/abuse-in-kundalini-yoga/ |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=[[Yoga Journal]]}}</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Early life ===

Harbhajan Singh Khalsa was born on August 26, 1929 into a [[Sikhs|Sikh]] family in Kot Harkarn, [[Gujranwala district]] in the [[Punjab (British India)|province of Punjab]] (now in Pakistan). His father, Dr. Kartar Singh Puri, served the [[British Raj]] as a medical doctor. His mother was named Harkrishan Kaur. His father was raised in the Sikh tradition and young Harbhajan was educated in a Catholic school run by nuns. Singh learned the fundamentals of [[Sikhism]] from his paternal grandfather, Sant Bhai Fateh Singh. Theirs was a well-to-do landlord family, owning most of their village in the foothills of the [[Himalayas]].<ref>Sardarni Premka Kaur Khalsa,''The Man Called Siri Singh Sahib'', Sardarni Premka Kaur Khalsa and Sat Kirpal Kaur Khalsam (editors), Los Angeles: Sikh Dharma, 1979, pp. 18-24.</ref>

Singh's schooling was interrupted in 1947 by the violent [[partition of India]], when he and his family fled to [[New Delhi]] as refugees. There, Harbhajan Singh attended Camp College – a hastily put together arrangement for thousands of refugee students – and was an active member of the Sikh Students Federation in Delhi.<ref>Shamsher Singh, "The Fruits of Inner Searching ''The Man Called Siri Singh Sahib'', Sardarni Premka Kaur Khalsa and Sat Kirpal Kaur Khalsam (editors), Los Angeles: [[Sikh Dharma]], 1979, pp. 44-46; Harbans Lal, "Celebrating the Life of Yogi Harbhajan Singh Ji", ''The Sikh Review'', October 2007, p.&nbsp;52.</ref> Four years later, he graduated with a master's degree in economics.<ref>Shanti Kaur Khalsa, ''The History of Sikh Dharma of the Western Hemisphere'', Espanola, New Mexico: Sikh Dharma, 1995, pp. 3–4; Gurcharn Singh Khalsa, ''The Man Called Siri Singh Sahib'', Sardarni Premka Kaur Khalsa and Sat Kirpal Kaur Khalsam (editors), Los Angeles: Sikh Dharma, 1979, pp. 34–35</ref>

In 1953, Singh entered the service of the Government of India. He served in the Revenue Department, where his duties took him all over India. Eventually, Harbhajan Singh was promoted to a customs inspector at [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi Airport]].<ref>Gurcharn Singh Khalsa, p.&nbsp;36</ref>

In his final years in India, he also learned from Baba Virsa Singh at Gobind Sadan Institute.<ref name="Deslippe-2012">{{cite journal |last=Deslippe |first=Philip |title=From Maharaj to Mahan Tantric: The Construction of Yogi Bhajan's Kundalini Yoga |date=2012 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271568190 |journal=Sikh Formations |access-date=March 2, 2021 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2012.745303|s2cid=144988035 }}</ref>

In 1968, Singh emigrated to [[Toronto]], Canada equipped with an endorsement from that country's High Commissioner to India, [[James George (diplomat)|James George]], who was also a student of his.<ref>Sardarni Premka Kaur Khalsa,''The Man Called Siri Singh Sahib'', Sardarni Premka Kaur Khalsa and Sat Kirpal Kaur Khalsam (editors), Los Angeles: Sikh Dharma, 1979, p. 33.</ref> Harbhajan Singh made a considerable impact in the predominantly Anglo-Saxon metropolis. In three months, he established classes at several [[YMCA]]s, co-founded a yoga centre, was interviewed for national press and television, and helped set in motion the creation of eastern Canada's first Sikh temple in time for [[Guru Nanak]]'s five hundredth birthday the following year.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hampton |first=Edna |title=Yoga's Challenges and Promises |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=November 28, 1968 |page=W11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Edmonstone |first=Wayne |title=Sikhs open first temple in Toronto |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=August 25, 1969 |page=B5}}</ref>

=== Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization ===

{{Main|3HO}}

[[File:3HO Summer Solstice 1970.jpg|thumb|1970 gathering at Santa Clara Canyon, New Mexico]]

In 1969, Singh established the 3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization) Foundation in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] to further his missionary work. His brand of Sikhism appealed to the [[hippy|hippies]] who formed the bulk of his early converts. The Sikh practice of not cutting one's hair or beard was already accepted by the hippie culture. Singh encouraged [[vegetarian]]ism even though Sikhs are traditionally meat eaters. Singh called the hippie youth 'searching souls' who wanted to experience elevated states of awareness and wanted to feel they were contributing to a world of peace and social justice.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-10-09 |title=Yogi Bhajan, 75, 'Boss' of Worlds Spiritual and Capitalistic, Dies (Published 2004) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/09/us/yogi-bhajan-75-boss-of-worlds-spiritual-and-capitalistic-dies.html |access-date=2025-08-27 |language=en}}</ref> He offered them all these things with vigorous yoga, an embracing holistic vision, and an optimistic spirit of sublime destiny.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cowley |first1=Susan Cheever |first2=Martin |last2=Kasindorf |first3=Laurie |last3=Lisle |title=Sikhdom, U.S.A. |journal=[[Newsweek]] |date=April 21, 1975 |page=65}}</ref>
Interest in yoga increased worldwide at this time.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Corliss |first=Richard |title=The Power of Yoga |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=April 15, 2001 |volume=157 |issue=16 |pages=54–63 |pmid=11330024 |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,999731,00.html}}</ref> To serve the changing times, Singh created the International Kundalini Yoga Teachers Association, dedicated to setting standards for teachers and the propagation of the teachings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ikyta.org/ikyta-history|title=IKYTA History &#124; IKYTA - International Kundalini Yoga Teachers Association|website=Ikyta.org|access-date=December 15, 2021}}</ref> 

In 1994, the 3HO Foundation joined the United Nations as a non-governmental organization in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council, representing women's issues, promoting human rights, and providing education about alternative systems of medicine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.3ho.org/yogi-bhajan/about-yogi-bhajan/yogi-bhajans-biography|title=Yogi Bhajan's Biography|work=3HO - Happy, Healthy, Holy |date=December 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102082829/https://www.3ho.org/yogi-bhajan/about-yogi-bhajan/yogi-bhajans-biography|access-date=15 December 2021|archive-date=January 2, 2017}}</ref>

=== Other activities ===

[[File:Harbhajan Singh Yogi with Sant Fateh Singh and Giani Mohinder Singh 1971.jpg|thumb|With [[Sant Fateh Singh]] 1971]]

Singh incorporated the storyline of the dawning new age into his teachings, a case of melding Western [[astrology]] with Sikh tradition. He proclaimed that "[[Guru Nanak]] was the Guru for the [[Age of Aquarius|Aquarian Age]]." It was, he declared, to be an age where people first experienced God, then believed, rather than the old way of believing and then being liberated by one's faith.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kaur |first=Sardarni |title=Guru for the Aquarian Age: The Life and Teachings of Guru Nanak |publisher=Spiritual Community |location=San Rafael, California |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-913852-01-9 |oclc=1382622 |page=6}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Piccalo |first1=Gina |title=A Yogi's Requiem |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-oct-23-et-yogi23-story.html |access-date=4 March 2021 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=23 October 2004}}</ref>

[[File:Harbhajan Singh Yogi with Swami A.C. Bhaktivedanta and Jain Muni Shushil Kumar San Francisco 1975.jpg|thumb|With [[A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]] and [[Sushil Kumar (Jain monk)]], San Francisco 1975]]
[[File:Yogi Bhajan and John Paul II.jpg|thumb|Meeting Pope [[John Paul II]] at the Vatican, 1984]]

In the summer of 1970, Singh participated in an informal "Holy Man Jam" at the [[University of Colorado at Boulder]] with [[Swami Satchidananda]] (another Eastern yogi who has been accused of sexual abuse of his students), [[Stephen Gaskin]] of The Farm in Tennessee, Zen Buddhist [[Jakusho Kwong]], and other local spiritual leaders. A few weeks later, he organized a gathering of spiritual teachers to engage and inspire the 200,000 attendees of the [[Atlanta International Pop Festival (1970)|Atlanta International Pop Festival]] on the stage between the performances of the bands.<ref>{{cite book |first=Lisa |last=Law |title=Flashing on the Sixties |location=San Francisco |publisher=[[Chronicle Books]] |pages=102–107}}</ref>

When U.S. [[Richard Nixon|President Nixon]] called drugs America's "Number one domestic problem", Singh launched a pilot program with two longtime heroin addicts in Washington, D.C., in 1972. The program attempted to treat heroin addiction through the practice of yoga and the consumption of [[garlic]] juice.<ref>{{cite news |last=Claiborne |first=William L. |title=Heroin Treatment: Garlic Juice, Yoga |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=March 22, 1972}}</ref>

In 1984 he started the [[Yogi Tea]] brand.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=Douglas |title=Yogi Bhajan, 75, 'Boss' of Worlds Spiritual and Capitalistic, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/09/us/yogi-bhajan-75-boss-of-worlds-spiritual-and-capitalistic-dies.html |accessdate=17 October 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 9, 2004 }}</ref>

=== Death ===

[[File:Tom Udall and Bibiji.jpg|thumb|Congressman [[Tom Udall]] with Harbhajan Singh Khalsa's widow, "Bibiji"]]

Harbhajan Singh died of complications of heart failure at his home in [[Española, New Mexico|Española]], [[New Mexico]], on October 6, 2004, aged 75. He was survived by his wife, sons, daughter and five grandchildren.<ref name="Martin-2004">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Douglas |title=Yogi Bhajan, 75, Worlds Spiritual and Capitalistic |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 9, 2004 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E2DB123BF93AA35753C1A9629C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |access-date=September 18, 2008}}</ref> Obituaries appeared in ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'',<ref>{{cite news |title=A Yogi's Requiem |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-oct-23-et-yogi23-story.html |date=October 23, 2004 |work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> the ''[[Times of India]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajghatta |first=Chidinand |date=October 10, 2004 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/880032.cms  |title=The Capitalist Yogi |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="Martin-2004" /> and ''[[Yoga Journal]]''.<ref>Phil Catalfo, "[http://www.yogajournal.com/article/philosophy/yogi-bhajan/ Luminaries: Yogi Bhajan]", ''[[Yoga Journal]]'', Jan/Feb 2005, p. 144 (republished 2007).</ref> Khalsa's passing was noted by the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]], which closed its offices to commemorate his death.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041008/punjab1.htm
 |title=SGPC condoles Yogi's death |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=October 7, 2004}}</ref>

The [[State of New Mexico]] honoured him by renaming State Highway 106 as the Yogi Bhajan Memorial Highway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/may/12yogi.htm |title=Highway named after Yogi Bhajan |work=Rediff.com |date=May 12, 2006 |access-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref> The New Mexico Government flew its flags at half-mast for two days (Oct 7–8) in his honour after his death on Oct 6, and declared Oct 23 "Yogi Bhajan Memorial Day".<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=October 25, 2004}}</ref>

== Allegations of sexual abuse ==

{{see also|Sexual abuse by yoga gurus}}

In 2019, Yogi Bhajan's former secretary Pamela Saharah Dyson published the book ''Premka: White Bird in a Golden Cage: My Life with Yogi Bhajan'', reporting that she and other women had abusive<ref name="Lowe 2022"/> sexual relationships with Harbhajan Singh.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dyson |first=Pamela |title=Premka: White Bird in a golden cage: my life with Yogi Bhajan |publisher=Eyes Wide Publishing |publication-place=Maui, Hawaii |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-578-62188-3 |oclc=1142816131 }}</ref><ref name="Lowe 2022">{{cite journal |last=Lowe |first=Scott |title=Review of Premka: White Bird in a Golden Cage. My Life with Yogi Bhajan, by Pamela Saharah Dyson, and: The Inner Circle—Book One: My Seventeen Years in the Cult of the American Sikhs by Peter Macdonald Blachly |journal=[[Nova Religio]] |volume=26 |issue=2 |year=2022 |pages=102-105 |via=[[Project Muse]] |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/869564}}</ref>

In March 2020, the Siri Singh Sahib Corporation commissioned An Olive Branch (AOB) to look into allegations of sexual abuse and rape of female followers and assistants. The AOB report, published in August, found that it was "more likely than not" that Yogi Bhajan raped three women, injured eight women during sex, engaged in nonconsensual touching of nine people, showed pornography to minors, used sexually offensive language, directed women to shave their pubic hair, and directed women to have sex with other women, that his followers' claims that he was celibate were inaccurate, and that he "employed a variety of methods to control his students including compartmentalization, quid pro quo, promises, threats, slander, phone calls, guarding, and/or telling women they were his wife."<ref name="An Olive Branch 2020">{{Cite web |title=2020-08-10 An Olive Branch Report to 3HO re YB Abuses.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h6W_UyinOeIThWJ3s0FS7o8egLKLWUYU/view?usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2021-02-28 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> 

The report acknowledged "the convictions of Yogi Bhajan's Supporters as accurate representations of their beliefs" rather than deliberate falsehoods.<ref name="An Olive Branch 2020"/> Soon after, other media published stories based on the report that considered the allegations to be true.<ref>* {{cite journal |first=Stacie |last=Stukin |title=Yogi Bhajan Turned an L.A. Yoga Studio into a Juggernaut, and Left Two Generations of Followers Reeling from Alleged Abuse |journal=Los Angeles Magazine |date=July 15, 2020 |url=https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/yogi-bhajan/}}<br/>* {{cite news |title=Yogi Bhajan 'more likely than not' raped his followers |journal=Asia Samachar |date=August 15, 2020 |url=https://asiasamachar.com/2020/08/15/33085/}}<br/>* {{cite news |title=Yogi Bhajan's fall from grace. The 'sexual abuse' is just the just beginning |journal=Asia Samachar |date=August 20, 2020 |url=https://asiasamachar.com/2020/08/20/yogi-bhajans-fall-from-grace-the-sexual-abuse-is-just-the-just-beginning/}}<br/>* {{cite news |title=Legacy of Yogi Bhajan swirls in controversy years after his death |journal=Santa Fe New Mexican |date=November 14, 2020 |url=https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/legacy-of-yogi-bhajan-swirls-in-controversy-years-after-his-death/article_c2abc18a-fe91-11ea-80d7-735e51ee0008.html}}<br/>* {{cite journal |title=A New Report Details Decades of Abuse at the Hands of Yogi Bhajan |journal=Yoga Journal |date=August 15, 2020 |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/yoga-101/abuse-in-kundalini-yoga/}}<br/>* {{cite news |title=Yogi Bhajan, yoga guru and founder of 3HO, 'more likely than not' sexually abused followers, says report |journal=Religion News Service |date=August 18, 2020 |url=https://religionnews.com/2020/08/18/yogi-bhajan-yoga-guru-and-founder-of-3ho-more-likely-than-not-sexually-abused-followers-says-report/}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Media coverage ===

In 1977, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' published a critical article, titled "Yogi Bhajan's Synthetic Sikhism".<ref name="Wilde 1997"/> The article alleged that Gurucharan Singh Tohra, former President of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] (SGPC), had stated that Harbhajan Singh is not the leader of Sikhism in the Western World as he claimed, and that Tohra had denied the SGPC had ever given Singh the title of Siri Singh Sahib.<ref name="Wilde 1997">{{cite magazine |last=Wilde |first=James |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,915413,00.html |title=Religion: Yogi Bhajan's Synthetic Sikhism |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=September 5, 1997 |access-date=January 2, 2011}}</ref>

Harbhajan Singh is featured in books discussing the successes of Sikhs who migrated from India to the West, including Surjit Kaur's ''Among the Sikhs: Reaching for the Stars''.<ref>{{cite book |first=Surjit |last=Kaur |title=Among the Sikhs: Reaching for the Stars |location=New Delhi |publisher=Lotus Collection |year=2003}}</ref> and Gurmukh Singh's ''The Global Indian: The Sikhs''.<ref>{{cite book |first=Gurmukh |last=Singh |title=The Global Indian: The Sikhs |location=New Delhi |publisher=Rupi and Co. |year=2003}}</ref>

=== Scholars' views ===

Scholars including Verne A. Dusenbery and [[Pashaura Singh (Sikh scholar)|Pashaura Singh]] have concurred that Harbhajan Singh's introduction of Sikh teachings into the West helped identify Sikhism as a world religion while at the same time creating a compelling counter-narrative to that which identified Sikhs solely as a race with a shared history in India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dusenbery |first=Verne A. |year=1999 |chapter='Nation' or 'World Religion'?: Master Narratives of Sikh Identity |title=Sikh Identity: Continuity and Change |editor1=Pashaura Singh |editor2=N. Gerald Barrier |location=New Delhi |publisher=Manohar Publishers |pages=127-139}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Pashaura |year=2013 |chapter=Re-imagining Sikhi ('Sikhness') in the Twenty-first Century: Toward a Paradigm Shift in Sikh Studies |title=Re-imagining South Asian Religions |editor1=Pashaura Singh |editor2=Michael Hawley |location=Leiden, Netherlands |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |page=43}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Takhar |first=Opinderjit Kaur |year=2005 |title=Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs |location=Aldershot, England |publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]] |pages=172-177}}</ref>

Philip Deslippe, a historian of American religion, wrote a 2012 article "From Maharaj to Mahan Tantric: The Construction of Yogi Bhajan's Kundalini Yoga", using 3HO source archive material and news articles to reveal how Harbhajan Singh recreated his own story after his first trip back to India:<ref name="Deslippe-2012"/>

{{blockquote|I set out to answer the question "where did Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan (KYATBYB) come from?" and not much else. I tried to support my findings with as much evidence as possible, and for that evidence to be as clear, specific, verifiable, and close to the source, such as interviews with first hand witnesses (Pamela being one of them), quotes from Yogi Bhajan, contemporary newspaper accounts, and exercises taken from manuals. I concluded that in the early years of 3HO, Yogi Bhajan was using the physical yoga of Swami [[Dhirendra Brahmachari]] and the persona and mantra of Baba Virsa Singh, and that the figure of Sant Hazara Singh only became prominent after the first trip to India in 1970-1971 when Yogi Bhajan had a falling out with Virsa Singh.|source=Philip Deslippe<ref name="Deslippe-2012"/>}}

=== Television ===

In 2024, [[HBO]] ran the series [[Breath of Fire (TV series)|''Breath of Fire'']], which talks about the mental and sexual abuse of Yogi Bhajan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/arts-culture/television/breath-of-fire-review-guru-jagat-katie-griggs-yoga-documentary-hbo-ddeaa94a|title='Breath of Fire' Review: A Sham Spiritual Leader on HBO |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|first=John |last=Anderson |date=October 22, 2024 |access-date=October 23, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://decider.com/2024/10/23/breath-of-fire-hbo-review/ |title=Stream It Or Skip It: 'Breath Of Fire' On HBO, About The Kundalini Yoga Industry And Its Controversial Young Leader|website=Decider |first=Joel |last=Keller |date=October 23, 2024 |access-date=October 23, 2024}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |year=2014 |title=Cults: A Reference and Guide |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-54512-5 |pages=159–60|ref=none}}

== External links ==

{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://studentsofyogibhajan.com/ Students of Yogi Bhajan]

{{Modern yoga gurus}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhajan, Yogi}}

[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:American Sikhs]]
[[Category:American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Modern yoga gurus]]
[[Category:People from Española, New Mexico]]
[[Category:People from Gujranwala]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]