Editing New Israelites

{{Short description|Defunct Christian denomination (1790s-1802)}}
{{Distinguish|Restoration branches|text=the Peruvian [[Evangelical Association of the Israelite Mission of the New Universal Covenant]], colloquially called New Israelites}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2009}}
The '''New Israelites''' were a radical sect founded by [[Nathaniel Wood (occultist)|Nathaniel Wood]] in [[Vermont]] in the 1790s.  Wood declared his followers "modern Israelites," and the group practiced a strict dietary code as they understood to be instructed in the [[Law of Moses]].  Like most radical sects, the group displayed spiritual gifts and made prophecies.  At one point the group began building a temple, although the project was eventually abandoned.

==History==
[[Nathaniel Wood (occultist)|Nathaniel Wood]] formed the New Israelites in [[Middletown Springs, Vermont|Middletown]], [[Rutland County, Vermont|Rutland County]], [[Vermont]] at the end of the 1790s. Originally a [[Congregationalist churches|Congregationalist]], Wood was excommunicated in 1789, after which he began to preach to small meetings whose attendees were mostly family and relatives. The sect may have been influenced by the Newent Separates of Norwich, who believed in perfectionist immortalism and [[polygamy|spiritual wifery]], and the preaching of Rev. Joel Benedict, who taught that Hebrew was the [[divine language|angelic tongue]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Brooke|1994|pp=57–8}}.</ref>

The sect claimed literal descent from the [[Ten Lost Tribes]] of [[Israel]], and they practiced [[divination]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Quinn|1998|pp=121–24, 449}}; {{Harvnb|Brooke|1994|pp=57, 133–34}}; {{Harvnb|Vogel|2004|pp=617–20}}.</ref> After the sect was joined by a [[counterfeiting|counterfeiter]] and treasure seer named "Winchell" (probably Justus Winchell<ref>Quinn argues that the Winchell referred to is Justus Winchell, born 1755. {{Harv|Quinn|1998|p=124}}. Another possibility could be his first cousin Nathaniel Winchell.</ref>) in the spring or early summer of 1800, the New Israelites began [[dowsing]] to look for buried treasure in [[Middletown Springs, Vermont|Middletown]] and [[Rutland (city), Vermont|Rutland, Vermont]]. They also embarked on the construction of a temple. The group employed the [[divining rod]] for both [[treasure hunting]] and other forms of revelation. It was suspected that these efforts masked a [[counterfeiting]] operation. Wood predicted the arrival of a "Destroying Angel" on 14 January 1802 that would bring down plagues and earthquakes upon the "gentiles."

On 14 January 1802, the day that Wood said would be the commencement of the [[Apocalypse]], as the sect gathered together to await the arrival of the "destroying angel", the locals were so alarmed that on the night in question the [[militia]] was called out. The militia then fired their weapons to disperse this "Fraternity of Rodsmen".<ref>({{Harvnb|Quinn|1998|pp=121, 449}}; {{Harvnb|Brooke|1994|pp=57, 133–34}}; {{Harvnb|Vogel|2004|pp=617–20}}.</ref> This event was subsequently known as the "Wood Scrape." After the Wood Scrape, Wood and his family moved to [[Ellisburg (town), New York|Ellisburg, New York]], and the sect became extinct.

==Possible connection to Mormonism==

Members of the New Israelites may have included [[Joseph Smith, Sr.]], the father of [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]], and William Cowdery, father of [[Book of Mormon]] witness [[Oliver Cowdery]].  The best case exists for connecting Cowdery family, as they are known to have lived near the Woods in the early 19th century, and later attended a [[Congregationalist churches|Congregationalist church]] in [[Poultney, Vermont]] after the Wood Scrape. Oliver Cowdery, who was not born at the time of the Wood Scrape, was later known as a [[dowser]], and was the second highest ranking early leader of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]], next to Joseph Smith, Jr. Witnesses from Vermont connected William Cowdery to the sect, before these witnesses could have known from media reports that his son Oliver was a dowser.<ref>{{Harvnb|Quinn|1998|pp=25–26}}; {{Harvnb|Brooke|1994|p=133}}
</ref>

Vermont residents who were interviewed by a local historian said that [[Joseph Smith, Sr.]] was also part of the New Israelites, and was one of its "leading rods-men".<ref>{{Harvnb|Quinn|1998|pp=35–36}}; {{Harvnb|Brooke|1994|pp=133}}.</ref> However, there is no historical consensus linking Smith to the New Israelites because of the difficulty in placing Joseph Smith, Sr. in [[Rutland County, Vermont]] during that time period. Although residents said that he lived in [[Poultney, Vermont]] "at the time of the Wood movement here",<ref>{{Harvnb|Quinn|1998|pp=25–26}}; {{Harvnb|Brooke|1994|p=133}}.</ref> there are no other records placing Smith closer than about 50 miles away. On the other hand, Smith's involvement with the New Israelites would be consistent with his links to [[Congregational church|Congregationalism]] and his reported admission in 1837 that he entered the money digging business "more than thirty years" ago.<ref>{{Harvnb|Brooke|1994|pp=133, 39}}. [[James C. Brewster]] claimed that in 1837, Smith, Sr. boasted that "I know more about money-digging than any man in this generation for I have been in the business for more than thirty years!"</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{Citation
 | last=Brooke
 | given=John L.
 | title=The Refiner's Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844
 | year=1994
 | publisher=Cambridge University Press
 | publication-place=Cambridge
 }}.
*{{Citation
 | last = Frisbie
 | first = Barnes
 | title = The History of Middletown, Vermont in Three Discourses, Delivered before the Citizens of that Town
 | publisher = Tuttle & Co.
 | year = 1867
 | oclc = 2390832
 }}.
*{{Citation
 | last=Quinn
 | first=D. Michael
 | author-link=D. Michael Quinn
 | title=Early Mormonism and the Magic World View
 | publisher=[[Signature Books]]
 | publication-place=Salt Lake City
 | edition=2nd
 | year=1998
 | isbn=1-56085-089-2
 }}.
*{{Citation
 | last=Vogel
 | first=Dan
 | author-link=Dan Vogel
 | title=Joseph Smith: The Making of a Prophet
 | year=2004
 | publisher=Signature Books
 | location=Salt Lake City, UT
 | isbn=1-56085-179-1
 | url-access=registration
 | url=https://archive.org/details/josephsmithmakin0000voge
 }}.

[[Category:Christian denominations founded in the United States]]
[[Category:Christian new religious movements]]
[[Category:Former Christian denominations]]
[[Category:Groups claiming Israelite descent]]