Editing New Forest Shakers

The '''New Forest Shakers''' or '''Walworth Jumpers''' (also '''Children of God''', '''Girlingites''' or '''Convulsionists''') were a [[new religious movement]] created by [[Mary Anne Girling]] (or Mary Ann Girling) in the 1870s in England. Originally from [[Suffolk]], Girling preached the [[Second Coming]], [[celibacy]], [[chastity]] and [[Commune (intentional community)|communal life]].

==In Suffolk==
Mary Ann Clouting was born in [[Little Glemham]], [[Suffolk]] in 1827. She married George Stanton Girling and they had two children. Sometime around 1858, Girling received a vision from Jesus Christ in her Ipswich bedroom.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=23}}</ref> She apparently received a second vision in 1864 informing her that the [[second coming]] was at hand.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=25}}</ref> Girling left her husband and children, and travelled around the villages and towns of Suffolk preaching her mission.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=29}}</ref> Within 18 months "Girlingism" had 50 adherents.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=32}}</ref> This ecstatic, esoteric sect claimed that they died with conversion, and were then reborn to eternal life.

==Walworth Jumpers==
In 1871, having been persecuted and threatened in Suffolk, Girling went to London.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=45}}</ref> She initially fell in with the [[Peculiar People|Peculiar People of Plumstead]] and preached to them there.<ref name="Hoare 2005 103">{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=103}}</ref> She soon fell out with them when she began claiming her own divinity, and she withdrew from their circle taking many of their followers with her.<ref name="Hoare 2005 103"/> Girling's mission began operating from a railway arch near the [[Walworth Road]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=104}}</ref> where she preached excitedly before crowds of several thousands, which led to the nickname "the Jumpers of Walworth."<ref>{{Harvnb|Glinert|2009|p=252}}</ref> Attacked by hostile mobs in London, Girling announced to her followers in 1872 that they were going to move to [[Hordle]] in the [[New Forest]] in [[Hampshire]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=136}}</ref>

==New Forest Shakers==
In January 1873 Girling and her followers arrived in Hordle.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=139}}</ref> They settled in New Forest Lodge, a house which was partially paid for by one of the followers Julia Wood,<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=137}}</ref> the remainder being mortgaged. 160 believers gathered there, cultivating vegetables and worshipping. They were prohibited from sexual activity, as well as from economic transactions. They proceeded to farm the land, but Girling forbade the sect to sell either their produce or their labour.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=149}}</ref> The mortgage remained unpaid and on a bitterly cold night of December 1874, in the rain, sleet and snow, 60 women, 35 men and 45 children were evicted.<ref name="ivey">"Jo Ivey, [http://www.newforestcentre.org.uk/uploads/publications/65.pdf ''Report on New Forest Traditions''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309124857/http://www.newforestcentre.org.uk/uploads/publications/65.pdf |date=2013-03-09 }}, pages 27-8. New Forest Museum</ref> All the furniture was left along a half mile stretch of the road.<ref name="ivey"/> It included 3 pianos, 77 beds, boxes of eggs, butter and vegetables valued at about £1,000 and worthless by the end of the night.<ref name="ivey"/>

They were aided by the political philosopher [[Auberon Herbert]], who gave them temporary shelter on his estate in nearby [[Ashley, West Hampshire|Ashley]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=281}}</ref> Other prominent sympathisers of their plight included liberal politician [[William Cowper-Temple, 1st Baron Mount Temple|William Cowper]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=194}}</ref> and local eccentric and [[Spiritualism (movement)|spiritualist]] [[Andrew Thomas Turton Peterson|Andrew Peterson]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=160}}</ref> By February 1875, they had returned to Hordle, camping in a field near New Forest Lodge.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=306}}</ref> They were evicted in 1878,<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=343}}</ref> but a local landowner gave them a field in nearby [[Tiptoe, Hampshire|Tiptoe]] where they set up camp. After this, the sect faded from national prominence.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=374}}</ref> The census of 1881 records 64 people were encamped in the field,<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=377}}</ref> but by 1886 the community was reduced to 12 women and 8 men.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=392}}</ref> Girling died from [[uterine cancer]] on 18 September 1886 and the sect broke up.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hoare|2005|p=395}}</ref> Girling was buried in Hordle churchyard.<ref name="ivey"/>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{Citation
| last         = Glinert
| first         = Ed
| author-link         = 
| year         = 2009
| title         = Martyrs & Mystics: The Extraordinary Untold Story of Britain's Spiritual Heritage
| url         = https://archive.org/details/martyrsmystics0000glin
| publisher         = HarperCollins
| isbn         = 978-0-00-728642-3
| url-access         = registration
}}
* {{Citation
| last         = Hoare
| first        = Philip
| author-link  = 
| year         = 2005
| title        = England's Lost Eden: Adventures in a Victorian Utopia
| url          = 
| publisher    = Fourth Estate
| isbn         = 0-00-715910-2
}}

== Further reading ==
*M. Davies, ''Unorthodox London'' (1873), I, 89ff (quoted by [[Eric Hobsbawm]] in ''Primitive Rebels'', chapter on "The Labour Sects")
*Philip Hoare, '' England's Lost Eden: in search of a Victorian Utopia'', Fourth Estate, {{ISBN|978-0-00-715911-6}}
*Heimann, Mary (2004). ''Mary Ann Girling (Nee Clouting), 1827–1886'' in: ''[[Dictionary of National Biography|Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]'' (DNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp.&nbsp;347–348. {{ISBN|0-19-861411-X}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3639001/Stirred-and-shaken.html Stirred and shaken], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 20 March 2005, review of Hoare's book
*[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/mar/12/featuresreviews.guardianreview12 Spirit levels], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 12 March 2005, review of Hoare's book
*[https://www.bbc.co.uk/hampshire/content/articles/2005/03/22/newforestshakers_feature.shtml New Forest Shakers], review of Hoare's book on the [[BBC]]

[[Category:1864 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Christian new religious movements]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1864]]
[[Category:1870s in England]]