Editing Bruderhof Communities

{{Short description|Anabaptist movement of Christian intentional communities}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox Christian denomination
| name                = Bruderhof
| main_classification = [[Protestant]]
| orientation         = [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]]
| leader              =
| founder             = [[Eberhard Arnold]]
| founded_date        = {{date and age|1920}}
| headquarters        =
| polity              = [[Episcopal polity|Episcopal]]
| associations        = [[Fellowship for Intentional Community]]
| area                = Worldwide
| congregations       = 24
| members             =
| website             = {{Official URL}}
|congregations_type=Communities|number_of_followers={{increase}} 3,000 (2024)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schiffman |first=Richard |date=2024-03-17 |title=Few Smartphones, Some Beer: A Christian Village Grapples With Modernity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/17/nyregion/hudson-valley-bruderhof-community.html |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>|separated_from=[[Hutterites|Hutterite Brethren]], 1995|founded_place=[[Sinntal]], [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]|scripture=[[Bible]]|image=Bruderhof logo.png}}

The '''Bruderhof''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|uː|d|ər|ˌ|h|ɔː|f}}; German for 'place of brothers') is a communal [[Anabaptist]] [[Christianity|Christian]] movement that was founded in Germany in 1920 by [[Eberhard Arnold]]. The movement has communities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Paraguay, and Australia. The Bruderhof practises [[believer's baptism]], [[non-violence]] and [[peacemaking]], [[common ownership]], the proclamation of the [[gospel]], and lifelong faithfulness in [[marriage]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bruderhof.com/en/our-faith/foundations|title=Foundations of our Faith and Calling|access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref> The Bruderhof is an [[intentional community]] as defined by the [[Fellowship for Intentional Community]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ic.org/directory/bruderhof/|title=Bruderhof |work=Fellowship for Intentional Community|access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref>

The communities are best known by the name "Bruderhof" or sometimes "Bruderhof Communities", although "Bruderhof" is the name used on their website. The communities are legally incorporated in the US as Church Communities International.  Their corporation used to be called The Society of Brothers (1939 to 1978).<ref>Merrill Mow: ''Torches rekindled: the Bruderhof's struggle for renewal'', Ulster Park, New York, 1989, page 30.</ref> Bruderhof maintained connections with the traditional [[Hutterites|Hutterite Brethren]], from which they broke in 1995. The word "Bruderhof" was first used by the early [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] in [[Moravia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bruderhof|title=Bruderhof – Gameo|website=gameo.org|access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> {{As of|2024|}}, there are 24 Bruderhof communities.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="darvell" /><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Naked Anabaptist|last=Murray|first=Stuart|publisher=Paternoster|year=2011|isbn=978-1842277256}}</ref><ref name="JonesRandall2008"/>

== Name ==
The word Bruderhof was first used by the Hutterites to refer to their communities in Moravia and then in other areas as the movement expanded. In the 1920s, Eberhard Arnold developed a growing interest in the Hutterites, and his first written reference to the community at Sannerz as a Bruderhof appears in letter from 1926, indicating an initial identification with the Hutterite movement.<ref name="Baum2015">{{cite book|first=Markus|last=Baum|title=Against the Wind: Eberhard Arnold and the Bruderhof|url=https://www.plough.com/en/topics/faith/discipleship/against-the-wind|year=2015|publisher=Plough}}</ref>{{rp|136}}

== History ==

=== Beginnings in Germany (1920–1937) ===
{{See also|Nazi Dissolution of the Bruderhof}}
[[File:Youth Movement Conference in Germany 1920.jpg|thumb|A gathering of the Youth Movement in 1920]]
The Bruderhof was founded in Germany in 1920 by [[Eberhard Arnold]], a philosophy student and intellectual inspired by the [[German Youth Movement]] and his wife Emmy, ''née'' von Hollander.<ref name="Tyldesley2003">{{cite book|first=Mike|last=Tyldesley|title=No Heavenly Delusion?: A Comparative Study of Three Communal Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvRwG1ahKc0C|year=2003|publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=978-0853236085 }}</ref> In 1920, the young family with five children rented a house in [[Sinntal|Sannerz]], Hesse, and founded a Christian community.

When the group outgrew the house at Sannerz, they moved to the nearby [[Rhön Mountains]]. While there, Arnold discovered that the Hutterites (an Anabaptist movement he had studied with great interest) were still in existence in North America. In 1930, he traveled to meet the Hutterites and was ordained as a Hutterian minister.

With the rise of [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Nazism]], the Rhön community moved its draft-age men and children to Liechtenstein around 1934 because of their [[conscientious objection|conscientious refusal]] to serve in the armed forces and to accept Nazi teachings. This community became known as the ''Alm Bruderhof''. Continuing pressure from the Nazi government caused others to move to England and found the Cotswold Bruderhof in 1936.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Christian Peace Experiment: The Bruderhof Community in Britain, 1933–1942|last1=Randall|first1=Ian M.|last2=Wright|first2=Nigel G.|date= 2018|publisher=Cascade Books|isbn=978-1532639982}}</ref> On 14 April 1937 secret police surrounded the Rhön Bruderhof, confiscated the property, and gave the remaining community members forty-eight hours to flee the country. By 1938, all the Bruderhof members had reassembled in England.

=== England (1937–1960) ===
[[File:Cotswold Bruderhof.jpg|thumb|Tea break at the Cotswold Bruderhof]]
[[File:Avila Star.jpg|thumb|Avila Star – one of the boats that transported the Bruderhof to Paraguay.]]
In 1936 the Bruderhof had purchased a {{convert|200|acre|adj=on}} farm in England called Ashton Fields, near the village of [[Ashton Keynes]] in the [[Cotswolds]] area.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Christian Peace Experiment|last=Randall|first=Ian|publisher=Cascade Books|year=2018|isbn=978-1532639982|location=Eugene, Oregon|pages=xi}}</ref> Originally intended to be a mission post, it provided sanctuary when they were forced to escape [[Nazi Germany]]. While based in England, the Bruderhof membership grew to over 350 members, largely through the addition of young English members who were conscientious objectors seeking an alternative to the now seemingly inevitable war with Germany. However, even before the outbreak of [[World War II]] in 1939, the presence of the community's German members and its [[pacifism|pacifist]] stance attracted deep suspicion locally, resulting in economic [[boycotts]] against the farm. 

In 1940, confronted with the option of either having all of its German members interned for the duration and its English members conscripted, or leaving England as a group, the Bruderhof chose the latter and some began to look for refuge abroad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/2018/07/does-anyone-know-how-we-can-entice-our-house-martins-back/|title=Does anyone know how we can entice our house martins back? {{!}} The Spectator|date=July 7, 2018|work=The Spectator|access-date=July 6, 2018}}</ref>

Not all members wished to leave England. By Christmas 1941 the remaining group of 19 found a remote {{convert|182|acre|adj=on}} farm for sale, Lower Bromdon Farm in the Clee Hills, near Ludlow in Shropshire, and in March 1942 the group moved in to their new home.<ref>{{Cite web|last=chris-coates|date=April 27, 2013|title=Communal Family Trees (Part 2)|url=http://blog.utopia-britannica.org.uk/117|access-date=July 6, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> By the end of the year the group named itself the Wheathill Bruderhof. In April 1944 they took over the neighboring Upper Bromdon farm of {{convert|165|acre}}, and in 1945 the community extended to Cleeton Court Farm at the foot of Titterstone Clee Hill, bringing the three Wheathill farms to a total size of {{convert|532|acre}}. In 1959 [[Pathé Newsreel]] produced a short film on the community,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|last=Pathé|first=British|title=Communal Village|url=https://www.britishpathe.com/video/communal-village|access-date=July 13, 2021|website=www.britishpathe.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> just as Bruderhof as a whole was in turmoil, and the Wheathill community closed within the next two years.

=== Paraguay (1941–1961; 2010–present) ===
[[File:Bruderhof in Paraguay.jpg|thumb|Cattle Round-up in Paraguay]]
In 1941, the Bruderhof emigrated from England to Paraguay — at the time the only country that would accept a pacifist community of mixed nationalities. This move was assisted and facilitated by the [[Mennonite Central Committee]].<ref name="Encyclopedia of Community">{{cite book|last1=Levinson|first1=David|last2=Christensen|first2=Karen|title=Encyclopedia of community: from the village to the virtual world, Volume 3|year=2003|publisher=Sage Publications|location=Thousand Oaks, California|pages=105}}</ref>

Starting in the hostile [[Gran Chaco|Chaco]] region, the Bruderhof then relocated to eastern Paraguay where three settlements were founded on a large tract of land called Primavera.<ref>{{Cite book|title=No Lasting Home: A Year in the Paraguayan Wilderness|last=Barth|first=Emmy|publisher=Plough|year=2009|isbn=978-0874869453}}</ref> Bruderhof members founded a hospital for community members and local Paraguayans. The only clinic in the area, it served tens of thousands for the next two decades. By the early 1960s, the community in Paraguay had grown significantly and was attracting visitors from North America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/354360788/Community-in-Paraguay-A-Visit-to-the-Bruderhof|title=Community in Paraguay – A Visit to the Bruderhof {{!}} Skirt {{!}} Altar|via=Scribd|access-date=July 21, 2017}}</ref>

In 1942, several leaders of the community came in conflict with a group of members over the community's trajectory. This group, which included the founder's wife Emmy Arnold, argued that the founder's vision was rooted in a [[Pietism|pietistic]] faith in [[Jesus Christ]], not primarily in communitarian ideals. Eventually the church leadership, headed by the founder's son-in-law Hans Zumpe, banished the dissidents from the Bruderhof. Those who supported them were silenced, often with harsh discipline.

Eventually allowed back to join their families, the dissidents re-joined the community. One of them, Johann Heinrich Arnold, a son of Eberhard and Emmy Arnold, was sent with his family to the United States to raise funds and eventually started a new community called Woodcrest, in [[Rifton, New York]], in 1954. Over the following years, conflicts between Zumpe and Arnold continued, culminating in a crisis resulting in Zumpe being relieved of his leadership role by the community. Zumpe left the community in 1960 after revelations of personal issues.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Homage to a Broken Man|last=Mommsen|first=Peter|year=2015 |publisher=Plough|isbn=978-0874866131}}</ref>

Many members who supported Zumpe, and some who were confused by the turmoil, left or were asked to leave the community. Eventually, the communities in Paraguay were dissolved and the members who remained relocated to the United States. Many of those who left the community during the 1960s later returned, but some remained outside of the community and formed a group of critics of the Bruderhof. Their stories formed the basis for the 2000 book written by Julius Rubin, ''The Other Side of Joy: Religious Melancholy among the Bruderhof.''<ref>Julius H. Rubin: ''The Other Side of Joy: Religious Melancholy among the Bruderhof'', New York and Oxford, 2000, pages 132-155.</ref> Rubin himself never visited the Bruderhof.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Randall|first=Ian M.|date=October 1, 2014|title=Church Community is a Gift of the Holy Spirit – The Spirituality of the Bruderhof Community|ssrn=2536364|location=Rochester, NY|publisher=Social Science Research Network}}</ref>

In 2010, the Bruderhof opened the Villa Primavera Community in [[Asunción]], Paraguay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bruderhof.com/en/where-we-are#paraguay|title=Where We Are|website=Bruderhof|access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref>

=== United States (1954–present) ===
In 1954, the Bruderhof started a settlement known as the Woodcrest Bruderhof in the United States near [[Rifton, New York]], in response to a dramatic increase in the number of American guests. Woodcrest absorbed the Macedonia Cooperative Community in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and many members of the Kingwood Community in [[New Jersey]]. Through the Macedonia Cooperative Community, Woodcrest inherited the business Community Playthings.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.communityplaythings.com/about-us/history|title=communityplaythings.com – Our History|website=communityplaythings.com|access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref> Additional new communities were founded in [[Pennsylvania]] (1957) and [[Connecticut]] (1958).

In 1990, the Spring Valley Bruderhof was founded adjacent to the New Meadow Run Bruderhof in [[Farmington, Pennsylvania]]. As of April 2021, there are a total of 18 Bruderhof communities in the United States.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=Where We Are|url=http://www.bruderhof.com/en/where-we-are#united-states|access-date=September 8, 2020|website=Bruderhof}}</ref>

===Europe (1971–present)===
As of April 2024, there are three Bruderhof Communities in the United Kingdom, two in Germany and two in Austria.<ref name=":3" />

====England====
In 1971, the Bruderhof purchased a property in [[Robertsbridge]], East Sussex, United Kingdom called Darvell.<ref name="darvell">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/inside-the-bruderhof |title=Inside the Bruderhof |date=July 9, 2019 |access-date=October 10, 2019 |website=[[BBC]] Media Centre}}</ref> The property had previously been a [[tuberculosis]] hospital. In 1995, a former sports college in [[Kent]] was purchased. In 2005, the Bruderhof started a small community in [[East London]]. This urban Bruderhof has now been moved to [[Peckham]] in south east London.

====Germany====
In 2002, the Bruderhof purchased a house in Sannerz, Germany. It happened to be the same house where the community was founded by Eberhard Arnold 100 years before. In late 2020 the Bruderhof community gave up the "Sannerzhaus" once again and settled in neighbouring Austria instead.

==== Austria ====
The Bruderhof operate two communities in Austria, those being the Gutshof and the Am Stein locations.

=== Australia (1999–present) ===
The Bruderhof opened a community in [[Elsmore, New South Wales|Elsmore]], a village in the northeast of the Australian state of New South Wales, in 1999. In 2005, the Bruderhof opened a community in the adjacent town of [[Inverell]], where they operate a sign-writing business.<ref name=":1" /> Also in 2005, the Bruderhof opened a community in [[Armidale]], the nearest city to Inverell and Elsmore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bruderhof.com/en/where-we-are#australia|title=Where We Are|website=Bruderhof|access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref>

=== South Korea (2022–present) ===
The Bruderhof opened a community in Yeongwol, Gangwon Province in South Korea in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yeongwol Community |url=https://www.bruderhof.com/yeongwol |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Bruderhof |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Beliefs and practice==
{{Anabaptist vertical}}
{{Further|Anabaptist theology}}
The Bruderhof is an evangelical [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] community that seeks to emulate the practices of [[early Christianity]].<ref name="KraybillHostetter2001">{{cite book |last1=Kraybill |first1=Donald B. |last2=Hostetter |first2=C. Nelson |title=Anabaptist World USA |date=2001 |publisher=Herald Press |isbn=978-0836191639 |language=English |quote=e Bruderhof Communities, a separate Anabaptist communal group that has had various relationships with the Hutterites, is also included in this chapter.}}</ref><ref name="LarsenNollLedger-Lomas2017">{{cite book |last1=Larsen |first1=Timothy |last2=Noll |first2=Mark A. |last3=Ledger-Lomas |first3=Michael |title=The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions |date=2017 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0199683710 |page=xi |language=English |quote=...research for a book on the Bruderhof (Anabaptist) community.}}</ref> Eberhard Arnold drew inspiration from a number of historical streams, including [[early Christianity]], the Anabaptists, German [[Pietism]] and the [[German Youth Movement]]. [[Johann Blumhardt]] (1805–1880) and his son [[Christoph Blumhardt]] (1842–1919), both German [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] theologians, are important sources of Bruderhof piety.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bruderhof.com/en/our-faith/foundations/heritage/guides|title=Guides|website=Bruderhof|access-date=November 24, 2016}}</ref>

The Bruderhof practice [[Christian pacifism]] and therefore reject the practice of military conscription, reflecting the early Anabaptist beliefs formulated in the [[Schleitheim Confession]].<ref name="JonesRandall2008">{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Keith G.|last2=Randall|first2=Ian M.|title=Counter-Cultural Communities: Baptistic Life in Twentieth-Century Europe|date=2008|publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1606083161|page=310|quote=Through this action, the Bruderhof remained faithful to the early Anabaptist beliefs as described in The Schleitheim Confession, in particular through the refusal to accept obligatory military service in accordance with the confession's statement that 'the rule of the government is according to the flesh, that of the Christians according to Spirit'.}}</ref>

Bruderhof members do not hold private property, but rather share everything.<ref>{{Citation|author=Bruderhof|title=What is the Bruderhof?|date=October 29, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ohC8cEcdOE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/9ohC8cEcdOE |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|access-date=May 26, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Members work inside the Bruderhof, and nobody receives a salary or has a bank account. Income from all businesses is pooled and used for the care of all members and for various communal outreach efforts.<ref>The Bruderhof: ''Foundations of our Faith & Calling''; The Bruderhof; The Plough Publishing House, Rifton, New York 2012.</ref> Every member of the organization must take a vow that he or she is willing "to put yourself completely at the disposal of the church community to the end of your life – all your faculties, the entire strength of your body and soul, and all your property, both that which you now possess and that which you may later inherit or earn."<ref>[https://www.bruderhof.com/en/our-faith/foundations/church-order/our-vows Bruderhof website].</ref>

The Bruderhof practices believers' baptism, which does not equate to membership. Membership is lifetime and by vows after the age of 21.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Foundations of our Faith and Calling|publisher=Plough|year=2014|isbn=978-0874868883|pages=29, 50|quote=In obedience to this commission, the church community offers baptism to every person who believes in the gospel of Jesus Christ and whose repentance comes from the heart, bearing fruit in deeds. In order to receive believer's baptism as instituted by Christ for the forgiveness of sins, a person must have reached the age of accountability.}}</ref> The Bruderhof also practices what they would call "The law of love" based on the house rule of the first Bruderhof in 1925:

{{Block quote|text=It is therefore out of the question for someone in our community to hold something against a brother or sister or to talk behind his or her back. Relationships within and to the church community are spiritual bonds based on trust and on the readiness to forgive again and again.|sign=|source=''Foundations of our Faith and Calling''}}

The Bruderhof believes marriage to be "the lifelong union between one man and one woman" and believes that sexual love should only be shared in such a marriage relationship.  They believe divorce and remarriage to be wrong.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Foundations of our Faith and Calling|publisher=Plough|year=2014|isbn=978-0874868883|pages=58–61}}</ref> It has supported and run marriage events to promote marriage between one man and one woman both in the United States and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eden.co.uk/blog/marriage-event-will-be-live-streamed-p1380|title=Marriage event in London|access-date=November 22, 2016}}</ref> The Bruderhof also participated in Humanum, a conference held in the Vatican from 17 to 19 November 2014 and attended by [[Pope Francis]], to discuss the complementarity of man and woman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.faith.org.uk/article/man-woman-and-family-convergence-among-faiths|title=Man, Woman and Family: Convergence Among Faiths|access-date=November 22, 2016}}</ref>

In accordance with the Anabaptist doctrine of [[nonconformity to the world]], the Bruderhof wear [[plain dress]], with women donning a [[Christian headcovering|headcovering]] (typically a [[hanging veil]]) in accordance with [[1 Corinthians 11]] in the [[Christian Bible]].<ref name="Bronner2015">{{cite book|last=Bronner|first=Simon J|title=Encyclopedia of American Folklife|date=March 4, 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1317471950|page=492}}</ref>

==Present day life==

Most communities have a nursery, [[kindergarten]], school, communal kitchen, laundry, various workshops, and offices. Bruderhof life is built around the family, though there are also many single members. Children are an important part of each community and participate in most communal gatherings. Disabled and elderly members are cared for within the community and participate in daily life and work as much as they are able.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/life-among-the-bruderhof/|title=Life Among The Bruderhof|work=The American Conservative|access-date=April 24, 2017}}</ref>

The Bruderhof eats one meal together each day as a community.  Other meals are eaten in families. Singing is a very common form of worship in the community, and members often sing before meals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/bruderhof|title=Bruderhof Communities|website=SoundCloud|access-date=May 31, 2018}}</ref> The Bruderhof do not prohibit the consumption of alcohol.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/jul/23/just-dont-call-it-a-cult-the-strangely-alluring-world-of-the-bruderhof|title=Just Don't call it a cult – the strangely alluring world of the Bruderhof|work=The Guardian|access-date=October 22, 2019}}</ref>

Numerous guests visit the Bruderhof and all communities are open to guests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bruderhof.com/en/visit-us|title=Visit Us|website=Bruderhof|access-date=November 26, 2016}}</ref> The Bruderhof is estimated to have around 2,900 members worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anderson|first=Jane|title=In face of pandemic, Bruderhof continues its caring mission|url=https://www.recordonline.com/story/news/coronavirus/2020/05/18/in-face-of-pandemic-bruderhof-continues-its-caring-mission/111798438/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=Times Herald-Record|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Technology ===
The Bruderhof has a reserved attitude to the use of technology.  Bruderhof families do not watch television or use the Internet within the home but do so outside of it, with many using smartphones.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wright |first1=Andy |title=Teens are all obsessed with social media? Not so much. |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614939/teens-social-media-obsession-digital-detox/ |website=MIT Technology Review |access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> Unlike the [[Amish]], they own and drive cars and run modern businesses and factories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/features/2/16389/in-search-of-the-good-life-a-day-with-the-radical-bruderhof|title=In search of the good life: a day with the radical Bruderhof|website=The Tablet|access-date=July 19, 2019}}</ref> They now run two main websites (bruderhof.com and plough.com) and several social media channels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/TheBruderhof|title=The Bruderhof (@TheBruderhof) {{!}} Twitter|publisher=Twitter|access-date=July 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/bruderhofcommunities/|title=Bruderhof (@bruderhofcommunities) • Instagram photos and videos|website=instagram.com|access-date=July 20, 2017}}</ref> Some of their members run video blogs that document their life on the Bruderhof that are published online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/BruderhofCommunities|title=Bruderhof|via=YouTube|access-date=June 29, 2018}}</ref>

=== Education ===
The Bruderhof runs schools for the children on each community, up to the age of 18, when they are allowed to leave the community.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Mount Academy |url=https://www.mountacademy.com |website=www.mountacademy.com |access-date=January 26, 2020}}</ref> In 2019 the Beech Grove School added two boarding houses to their school.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beech Grove School|url=https://www.beechgroveschool.co.uk/|access-date=February 24, 2021|website=www.beechgroveschool.co.uk|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Locations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+List of known Bruderhof locations:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bruderhof locations worldwide |url=https://www.bruderhof.com/locations |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Bruderhof |language=en-US}}</ref>
!Community name !!Country !!Location !!Established
|-
|| Am-Stein || Austria || [[Hartberg-Fürstenfeld, Styria]] || 2021
|-
|| Bayboro Community || United States || [[Saint Petersburg, Florida]] || 2006
|-
|| Beech Grove Bruderhof || United Kingdom || [[Nonington, Kent]] || 1995
|-
|| Bellvale Community || United States || [[Chester, Orange County, New York|Chester, New York]] || 2001
|-
| Big Canyon || United States || [[Orofino, Idaho]] || ''unknown''
|-
|Crossroad Community || United States || [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]] || 2018
|-
|| Danthonia Community || Australia || [[Elsmore, NSW]] || 1999
|-
|| Darvell Bruderhof || United Kingdom || [[Robertsbridge, East Sussex]] || 1971
|-
|Durham House || United States || [[Durham, North Carolina]] || 2015
|-
|| Fox Hill Community || United States || [[Walden, New York]] || 1999
|-
|Gutshof || Austria || [[Retz, Lower Austria]] || 2019
|-
|Hiwassee Community || United States || [[Madisonville, Tennessee]] || 2020
|-
|| Holzland Community || Germany || [[Bad Klosterlausnitz, Thuringia]] || 2004
|-
|| Maple Ridge Community || United States || [[Ulster Park, New York]] || 1985
|-
| Morgantown Community || United States || [[Morgantown, West Virginia]] || 2005
|-
|| The Mount Community || United States || [[Esopus, New York]] || 2012
|-
|| New Meadow Run Community || United States || [[Farmington, Pennsylvania]] || 1957
|-
|| Parkview Community || United States || [[Albany, New York]] || 2006
|-
|| Platte Clove Community || United States || [[Elka Park, New York]] || 1990
|-
|| Rondout Community || United States || [[Kingston, New York]] || 2004
|-
|| Spring Valley Community || United States || [[Farmington, Pennsylvania]] || 1987
|-
|| Villa Primavera || Paraguay || [[Asunción, Mariscal Estigarribia]] || 2010
|-
|| Woodcrest Community || United States || [[Rifton, New York]] || 1954
|-
| Yeongwol Community  || South Korea || [[Jucheon-myeon, Yeongwol-gun]] || 2022
|}

==Businesses==
The Bruderhof run a variety of businesses that provide income to run their communities and provide common work for the members who almost all work onsite.

Community Playthings was developed during the 1950s and soon became the Bruderhof's main source of income.<ref name=":5"/> Community Playthings designs and manufactures quality wooden classroom and play environments and toys for schools and daycare centers.  The business is run by the communities in the United States<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.communityplaythings.com/|title= Community Playthings – Childcare Furniture for over 60 years|website=communityplaythings.com|access-date=December 5, 2016}}</ref> and United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.communityplaythings.co.uk/|title=Community Playthings {{!}} Nursery school furniture and equipment|website=www.communityplaythings.co.uk|access-date=December 5, 2016}}</ref>

Rifton Equipment, run by some of the American communities, sells mobility and rehabilitation equipment for disabled adults and children.  It was founded in 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rifton.com/about|title=Rifton Website|access-date=November 19, 2016}}</ref>

Danthonia Designs is the business that supports the Australian Bruderhofs.  It specializes in hand-carved three-dimensional signage and was founded in 2001.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.danthonia.com.au/|title=Danthonia Designs|access-date=November 19, 2016}}</ref>

== Involvement in the wider community ==
The Bruderhof is actively involved in the neighborhoods that surround its communities<ref name="ppg1">{{cite news|url=http://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000721crusade7.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813103405/http://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000721crusade7.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 August 2014|title=Bruderhof youth festival readied|date=July 21, 2000|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|last=Levin|first=Steve |access-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref> and in the world at large. The Bruderhof sees justice and the works of mercy as a gospel command.<ref name=":0" /> They foster many ecumenical relationships with other churches and denominations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://robertbuck.blog/2017/10/23/why-i-keep-talking-about-alternativity-the-bruderhof-and-church-of-all-nations/|title=Why I Keep Talking About…Alternativity, the Bruderhof, and Church of All Nations|date=October 23, 2017|work=Proximity|access-date=October 24, 2017}}</ref> For instance, in 2019 the Bruderhof collaborated with the Coptic church to commemorate the Coptic martyrs killed by ISIS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|title=Lots of Coptic clergy were rubbing shoulders with members of the Bruderhof|website=The Tablet|access-date=March 15, 2019}}</ref> Members met the Pope in Rome in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/2004/june/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_20040626_bruderhof.html|title=To the members of the 'Bruderhof Communities' (June 26, 2004) {{!}} John Paul II|website=w2.vatican.va|access-date=April 13, 2019}}</ref>

Bruderhof members serve on school boards, volunteer at soup kitchens, prisons and hospitals, and work with local social service agencies such as the police to provide food and shelter for those in need of help. They are active supporters of various international aid organizations, such as [[Oxfam]], [[Save the Children]], [[Tearfund]], and [[World Vision International|World Vision]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bruderhof.com/en/reaching-out/common-causes|website=Bruderhof |title=Common Causes|access-date=November 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6229539/k.523C/Strategic_Foundation_Partnerships.htm|website=Save the Children |title=Strategic Partners|access-date=November 19, 2016}}</ref>

The Bruderhof's Plough Publishing House publishes books and a magazine called ''Plough Quarterly''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divinity.uchicago.edu/sightings/alien-citizens|title=Alien Citizens {{!}} The University of Chicago Divinity School|website=divinity.uchicago.edu|access-date=July 7, 2018}}</ref> ''Plough'' publishes spiritual classics, inspirational books, and children's books, some of which are available as free downloads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plough.com/en/about-us|website=Plough.com|title=About Us|access-date=May 1, 2013}}</ref> Some of the books are written by Bruderhof members, but others are not.

In response to the [[Columbine High School massacre]] in 1999, the Bruderhof and [[Steven McDonald|Detective Steven McDonald]] created a program of school assemblies that have now reached tens of thousands of youths in the United States and United Kingdom. Operating under the name "Breaking the Cycle", speakers with forgiveness stories speak to children at school assemblies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.breakingthecycle.com/about|title=About Breaking the Cycle, A project of the Bruderhof|website=www.breakingthecycle.com|access-date=January 20, 2020}}</ref>

The Bruderhof community has at various times campaigned on social issues, such as the [[death penalty]] and the [[Iraq War]]. They were involved in the campaign in opposition to the death sentence for the activist [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]], who was convicted in 1982 of murdering a Philadelphia police officer.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ctlibrary.com/ct/1995/november13/5td074.html|title=A Christian Community Makes Waves, Not War|last1=Tapia|first1=Andres|last2=Carrasco|first2=Rudy |work=[[Christianity Today]]|date=June 21, 2007|access-date=September 23, 2013}}</ref>

== The Bruderhof in the media ==
The Bruderhof rarely appear in the mainstream media, but sometimes allow photographers or journalists to observe their life.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/article/spectrum-an-exclusive-look-inside-the-bruderhof-communes-in-kent-and-east-sussex-3b0db5hts|title=Spectrum: an exclusive look inside the Bruderhof communes in Kent and East Sussex|last=Times|first=The Sunday|newspaper=[[The Times]] |date=July 21, 2019|access-date=August 20, 2019|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jamesclarke.me/blog/a-day-with-the-bruderhof|title=A Day with the Bruderhof|work=james clarke photography|access-date=June 29, 2018}}</ref>

=== Inside the Bruderhof – BBC One ===
The Darvell Bruderhof in East Sussex allowed CTVC to produce a 40-minute documentary about them, ''Inside the Bruderhof'', which was scheduled to air on 25 July 2019 on BBC1<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=BBC1 – Inside the Bruderhof |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00071xr |publisher=BBC |access-date= August 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807143849/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00071xr |archive-date=August 7, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> but was pulled as a result of ''[[BBC News at Ten]]'' over-running. It was eventually broadcast on 13 August 2020 on BBC1.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/jul/25/inside-the-bruderhof-review-is-this-a-religious-stirring-i-feel|title=Inside the Bruderhof review – is this a religious stirring I feel?|last=Mangan|first=Lucy|date=July 25, 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=July 26, 2019|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The film shows life inside the community, and follows a young person who has reached the age when the Bruderhof encourage them to explore life outside the community.<ref name=darvell/><ref>{{Cite web|date=July 23, 2019|title='Just don't call it a cult': the strangely alluring world of the Bruderhof|url=http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/jul/23/just-dont-call-it-a-cult-the-strangely-alluring-world-of-the-bruderhof|access-date=August 21, 2020|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

=== BBC Inside Out ===
In March 2020, the BBC's ''Inside Out South East'' published a series of allegations from former members of the community that variously described attempted exorcism of a woman with mental health problems, public punishment of teenagers who had relationships and hostile attitudes to those who left the community.  The Bruderhof objected to the programme, pointing out that the journalist who made the programme had never visited the community.  They also said that the most serious allegations had been reported to statutory authorities who had chosen to take no further action.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Response to BBC Inside Out South East |url=https://www.bruderhof.com/en/inside-out |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127020454/https://www.bruderhof.com/en/inside-out |archive-date=2021-01-27 |access-date=August 21, 2020 |website=Bruderhof |language=en}}</ref>

The Bruderhof issued a statement saying the testimony of former members in this story presented a "misleading account" of the community. "We are an open and welcoming Christian community who, while not perfect, are doing our best to make the world a better place," it said. "Ofsted has for decades been inspecting the provision we make for our children and has never found any cause for concern. The Bruderhof is 100 years old this year. In that time we haven't got everything right, for which we are sorry. We are committed to listening to anyone who feels hurt by their experiences with the Bruderhof."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000g1jt |title=Inside Out|access-date=August 21, 2020|website=BBC}}</ref>

== Relationship with the Hutterites ==
The Bruderhof Communities and the [[Hutterites]] were in fellowship between 1930 and 1955 and between 1974 and 1995. In 1990, the [[Lehrerleut]] and the [[Dariusleut]] withdrew, while the [[Schmiedeleut]] maintained their bond to the Bruderhof. After the split among the Schmiedeleut in 1992, the more traditional group also withdrew, while the more progressive branch (led by Jacob Kleinsasser) kept the bond until 1995. Since then, the traditional Hutterites and the Bruderhof have been separate groups.<ref name="Rod Janzen 2005 pages 505-544">Rod Janzen: ''The Hutterites and the Bruderhof: The Relationship Between an Old Older Religious Society and a Twentieth-Century Communal Group'' in Mennonite Quarterly Review 79 (2005), pp. 505–544.</ref>

The reason for the withdrawal of the Hutterites in 1955 was a conflict about the Forest River Hutterite Colony, which joined the Bruderhof by a majority vote. In 1974 there was reconciliation between the two groups.<ref>Merrill Mow: ''Torches rekindled: the Bruderhof's struggle for renewal'', Ulster Park, NY, 1989, pp. 29–31.</ref> In 1990 two of the three branches of the traditional Hutterites withdrew over concerns in regard to education, worship services and relations with outsiders, such as political activism.

According to Rod Janzen, there are differences between the traditional Hutterites and the Bruderhof Communities on many fields. Besides cultural differences, there are differences in regard to education, leadership, decision making, [[church discipline]], [[ecumenism]], what constitutes the "Word of God" etc. All these differences led to the final break in 1995.<ref name="Rod Janzen 2005 pages 505-544" />

==See also==
{{Portal|Christianity}}
* [[Conservative Anabaptism]]
* [[List of new religious movements]]
* [[New religious movement]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Society_of_Brothers Society of Brothers] entry at [[Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online]]

{{Anabaptism footer}}
{{German Youth Movement}}

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[[Category:Christian new religious movements]]
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[[Category:Nonviolence organizations]]
[[Category:Peace churches]]
[[Category:Utopian movements]]