Editing Ananda Marga

{{POV|date=December 2024}}
{{short description|Socio-spiritual organization}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}} 
{{Infobox organization
| name=Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saḿgha
| image=Ananda Marga Logo.png
| image_size=220px
| abbreviation=AMPS
| formation={{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1955|01|01|p=y}}
| founder=[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]
| type=Socio-spiritual organization
| status=[[Foundation (nonprofit)|Foundation]]
| purpose=Educational, [[philanthropic]], philosophic studies, [[spirituality]]
| headquarters=Ánandanagar, [[Purulia]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| location=Rārh Bengal
| area_served=Worldwide
| language=[[English language|English]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]]
| leader_title=Head
| leader_name=Purodhā Pramukha
| main_organ=Central Purodhá Board
| website={{URL|http://www.anandamarga.org/}}<br />{{URL|ampsnys.org/}}
}}
{{Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (sidebar)}}
'''Ánanda Márga''' ({{literal translation|The Path of Bliss}}, [[Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages|also spelled]] '''Anand Marg''' and '''Ananda Marg'''), or officially '''Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saḿgha''' (organization for the propagation of the path of bliss), is a world-wide socio-spiritual organisation founded in [[Jamalpur, Munger|Jamalpur]], [[Munger]], [[Bihar]], [[India]], in 1955 by [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]], known as Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti. It is also the name of the [[philosophy]] and [[life-style]] propounded by Sarkar, described as a practical means of [[personal development]] and the transformation of society. It is established in more than 180 countries across the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ánanda Márga|url=https://www.anandamarga.org/|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410143559/https://www.anandamarga.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ananda Marga - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Ananda_Marga |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=en.banglapedia.org |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703061451/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Ananda_Marga |url-status=live }}</ref> Its motto is ''Ātmamokśārthaṃ jagaddhitāya ca'' (Self-Realisation and Service to the Universe).

[[Tantra]] [[yoga]], as interpreted by Sarkar, serves as the foundation of Ánanda Márga. According to his teachings, Tantra means [[Moksha|liberation]] from darkness through the expansion of mind. [[Meditation]] is the main spiritual practice of this tantric tradition, which assists the practitioner to overcome weaknesses and imperfections. The path to liberation in Ananda Marga is free of [[religious dogma]]s, [[superstition]]s, artificial social barriers and [[ritual]]ism. Ánanda Márga recognises [[spirituality]] and liberation as the birth right of every individual irrespective of one's race, [[caste]], [[creed]], nationality, [[gender]], [[socio-economic]] status or [[belief system]].

The basis of Ánanda Márga practice is covered by a set of rules called the 'Sixteen Points' that guide the practitioner on both spiritual and social aspects. It consist of yoga [[asana]]s, [[mudra]]s, [[Bandha (Yoga)|bandha]]s, [[pranayama]], [[Massage#Self massage|self-massage]] and two specific dances, ''[[Kaosikii dance|kaos'ikii]]'' and ''[[tandava]]''. A [[Lacto-vegetarianism|lacto-vegetarian]] diet and [[fasting]] are also included as a fundamental part of [[yogic]] practice. The goal of Ananda Marga is "[[self-realisation]] and the welfare of all".

== Founding ==
[[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]], known as Sri Sri Anandamurti, founded the Ánanda Márga on 1 January 1955 in the state of [[Bihar]], India.{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007a|pp=30–31}}{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}}{{sfn|Inayatullah|2002}} Its stated aims are "[[Moksha|liberation]] of self and service to humanity".{{sfn|Dharmavedananda|1999|p=13 to 23}}.{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}}

== Disciplines, teachings and practice ==
[[File:Acarya Shraddhananda Avadhuta 01b.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ácárya Shraddhánanda Avadhúta]] (1919–2008), the second Purodha Pramukha after the demise of [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]]]
[[File:Ananda Marga.jpg|thumb|upright|This is not an official logo of Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saḿgha, but it has been used for that purpose, starting in Australia. The graphic depicts a lotus greeting the full moon. It is inspired by a reference in P. R. Sarkar's short story, "The Golden Lotus of the Blue Sea".]]

Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar developed a discipline of [[Tantra]] [[yoga]] and [[meditation]].{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}} Tantra yoga, as interpreted by him, is the practical philosophy which serves as foundation of Ananda Marga.{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007a|pp=30–31}} According to Sarkar's teachings Tantra means [[Moksha|liberation]] from darkness.
Meditation is the main spiritual practice of this tradition, and through it the practitioner struggles to overcome weaknesses and imperfections. The basis of Ananda Marga practice is covered by a set of rules called the 'Sixteen Points' that guide the practitioner on both spiritual and social aspects.{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007a|pp=30–31}} Sarkar expounded these principles in his 1961 ''{{IAST|Ānanda Sūtram}}'', in Sanskrit.

=== Meditation, ''Lalita Marmika'' dance and ''kirtan'' ===

In the Tantric tradition of Ánanda Márga, the spiritual aspirant or [[sadhaka]] practices [[sadhana]]. This signifies the effort through which a person becomes completely [[Self-realization|realized]]. In Tantra the spiritual master, the [[guru]], plays a special role, guiding students on the spiritual path. The aspirant learns meditation from a qualified ''acarya''. An ''acarya'' is most commonly a monk or nun, but in the Ánanda Márga tradition there are also "family ''acaryas''". In the [[initiation]] the aspirant makes a commitment to practice meditation and to live in harmony with the universal balance, and is then taught the technique itself. The aspirant is then required to keep the individual [[lesson]]s personal. In addition, he also taught ''Kapalika'' meditation to many ''[[Sannyasa|sanyásins]]''. His system of ''yoga'' can be termed as ''Rájadhirája Yoga'', ''Tantra Yoga'', or simply ''Ánanda Márga Yoga''. The basic Ánanda Márga meditation system is called Sahaja Yoga. The system consists of six meditation techniques or lessons taught one by one, on a personal basis. The six lessons are: 1)''Iishvara Pranidhana'' (Personal mantra and ''Ishta [[Cakra]]''), 2) ''Guru Mantra'' (Personal ''Guru Mantra''), 3) ''Tattva Dharana'' (Concentration on ''[[Cakra]]s' [[Tattva]]s''), 4) ''Sadharana Pranayama'' (Basic ''[[Pranayama]]''. A special breathing technique), 5) ''Cakra Shodhana'' (Purification of ''Cakras''. A special type of ''[[Dharana]]''), 6) ''Guru Dhyana'' (Special type of ideation for ''[[Dhyana in Hinduism|Dhyana]]''). A set of higher meditation lessons is taught to advanced practitioners committed to dedicate more time for spiritual practices and universal service.

According to the Ánanda Márga system, the ''Lalita Marmika'' dance is performed particularly during the collective meditation. It was supposedly invented by [[Parvati]], the wife of the god [[Shiva]]. This yogic dance with swaying movements, combined with a ''[[kirtan]]'' (the chanting of the universal mantra), is regarded as useful in freeing the mind and preparing it for meditation. Ánanda Márga members are recommended to practice collective meditation at least once a week. These meetings, ''Dharma Chakras'' (held weekly in the ''Dhyan Mandir''), are preceded by the singing of ''[[Prabhat Samgiita]]'' ("Songs of the New Dawn" composed by Sarkar) followed by the spiritual dance of ''Lalita Marmika''. Before meditation the ''{{audio|Samgacchadvam.OGG|Samgacchadvam}}'' mantra is chanted. At the end of meditation the ''{{audio|Nityam Shuddham.OGG|Nityam Shuddham}}'' and the ''{{audio|Guru Puja.OGG|Guru Puja}}'' mantras are recited. Baba Nam Kevalam is a universal kirtan mantra given by Sarkar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/6888/baba-nam-kevalam |title=What is Baba Nam Kevalam? – Definition from Yogapedia |website=Yogapedia.com |access-date=2020-04-18 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812204659/https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/6888/baba-nam-kevalam |url-status=live }}{{better source needed|date=September 2021}}</ref>

=== Vegetarian diet, yogic asanas, physical exercises and yogic treatments ===
[[File:Sarvangasana.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sarvangasana]]]]

The basic practices of Ánanda Márga are yoga [[asana]]s, [[mudra]]s, [[Bandha (Yoga)|bandha]]s, [[pranayama]], [[Massage#Self massage|self-massage]] and two specific dances, ''[[Kaosikii dance|kaos'ikii]]'' and ''[[tandava]]''. These are accompanied by [[Lacto-vegetarianism|Lacto]]-vegetarian [[diet (nutrition)|diet]] and [[fasting]].
* Diet and fasting: Lacto-vegetarian diet avoids meat, fish, eggs and some substances which are said to have a negative effect on the mind, particularly if "mucus-producing". On specific monthly dates called ''[[Ekadashi]]'' (Sanskrit: একাদশী, ekādaśī, the eleventh day after the full moon),<ref group=note>Ánanda Márga ''[[acharya]]s'' practice fasting in two additional days per month called ''Purnima'' and ''Amavasya''.</ref> the regular practice of ''Upavasa'' (yoga [[fasting]]) is recommended to improve health and strengthen the mind.
* ''[[Yoga]] [[asana]]s'', ''[[mudra]]s'' and ''[[Bandha (Yoga)|bandha]]s'': comprises 42 [[asana]]s<ref group="note">The following are the Ánanda Márga asanasas listed from P. R. Sarkar in "''Ánanda Márga Caryacarya'' part 3": ''Sarvanungasana, Matsyamudra, [[Matsyasana]], [[Matsyendrasana]], [[Virasana]], [[Cakrasana]], Naokasana (or [[Dhanurasana]]), Utkata Pascimottanasana, Parvatasana (or [[Halasana]]), Shivasana, [[Vajrasana (yoga)|Vajrasana]], [[Siddhasana]], Baddha Padmasana, [[Kukkutasana]], [[Gomukhasana]], [[Mayurasana]], [[Kurmakasana]], Sahaja Utkatasana, [[Shalabhasana]], [[Bhujaungasana]], [[Shashaungasana]], Bhastrikasana, [[Janusirsasana]], Ardhashivasana, Ardhakurmakasana (or Dirgha Pranama), Yogasana (or Yogamudra), Tuladandasana, [[Ustrasana]], Utkata Kurmakasana, Jatila Utkatasana, Utkata Vajrasana, [[Padahastasana]], Shivasana, [[Lotus position|Padmasana]], Karmasana, Jinanasana, Bhavasana, Granthimuktasana, [[Garudasana]], Dvisamakonasana, Tejasana, Mandukasana''.</ref> chosen by Sarkar.  The asanas are to be performed at least once a day.  15 ''Yoga [[mudra]]s'' and ''[[Bandha (Yoga)|bandha]]s'' are included.<ref group=note>Mudras and bandhas are listed in "''Ánanda Márga Caryacarya'' part 3": ''Uddayana Mudra, Bandhatraya Yoga (Mahamudra, Mahabandha, Mahaveda), Parthivii Mudra, Ambhasii Mudra, Agneyii Mudra, Vayavii Mudra, Akashii Mudra, Manasii Mudra, Agnisara Mudra, Kakacaincu Mudra, Trimunda Mudra, Ashvinii Mudra, Vajrolii Mudra''.</ref>
* Yogic treatments: in 1957 Sarkar published in Bengali ''Yaogika Cikitsa o Dravyaguna'', translated into English and published in 1983, with revisions under the title ''Yogic Treatments and Natural Remedies''. In this handbook, he described yogic treatments using asanas and mudras with claims about natural and traditional remedies for about forty diseases.<ref group=note>In the preface the author warns the reader not to risk practising asanas and mudras without the guidance of an experienced yoga teacher.</ref>
* ''[[Kaosikii dance|Kaoshikii]]'': the 'dance for mental expansion', was defined by Sarkar a 'physico-psycho-spiritual dance,' performed by all, and consists of 18 mudras aligning with 6 physical postures, each associated with a specific idea<ref group=note>The spiritual ideation is carried along with the dance in order to establish a subtle link with the divine.</ref> while strengthening body and mind and making them flexible.
* ''[[Tandava]]'' or ''Tāṇḍava'': is a vigorous dance.<ref group=note>Associated with [[Shiva]] in his cosmic dancer image of [[Nataraja]].</ref> This dance is only performed by male followers. The dance is performed to imbue the practitioner's mind with courage and honour, dispelling all sorts of complexes and fear, even fear of death itself.<ref group=note>Thus the dance also has an associated ideation. The dancer starts off with the two arms outstretched, the left arm with an open palm, and the right arm with a clenched fist. The dancer imagines holding a human skull in the left hand, symbolizing death, and  a knife in the right, symbolizing the fight for life; or the actual objects may be used. The dance starts with a jump, landing with bent knees.  Another jump follows, and the dance continues in a jumping manner, lifting one leg then the other continuously. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050526/aplus.htm Tribuneindia.com story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329044929/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050526/aplus.htm |date=29 March 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.religlaw.org/template.php?id=2314 |title=Religion and Law Consortium: A Research Forum for Legal Developments on International Law and Religion or Belief Topics |publisher=Religlaw.org |access-date=2011-03-18 |archive-date=15 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315032830/http://www.religlaw.org/template.php?id=2314 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Spiritual and social philosophy ==
The philosophy of Ánanda Márga is a synthetic outlook, recognizing a theistic singularity or 'Supreme Consciousness',<ref>See: Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti, 1954, pp. 15, 68.</ref> which is claimed to be both [[Transcendence (religion)|transcendental]] and manifested in all.
To this end Ánanda Márga suggests what it claims is a practical, rational, and systematic way of life for the balanced development of all human potentialities: physical, psychic and spiritual. This incorporate practices from hygiene, diet, and yoga postures, to a  technique of meditation based on moral rules directed to inner fulfillment. It recognizes that a balance is needed between the spiritual and mundane aspects of existence, and that neither one should be neglected at the [[expense]] of the other. Hence, the goal of Ánanda Márga is "[[self-realization]] and the welfare of all".

=== Spiritual philosophy ===
[[File:DadasKirtan3.jpg|thumb|Photo ([[Italy]] July 1978) of an international group of Ánanda Márga followers singing a [[Kirtan]] on the occasion of Sarkar's presumed liberation]]
[[File:CrescentMoon2.JPG|thumb|Kaoshiki dance]]

The spiritual philosophy of Ánanda Márga recognizes that the universe is the creation of the mental thought waves of the 'Supreme consciousness'. The following is a brief list of the essential elements of Ánanda Márga spiritual philosophy:
* '''Atma''' or '''[[Soul]]''' and '''[[Paramatma]]''' or the '''[[Cosmic Consciousness]]''': the Consciousness (''Purusa'') is reflected in the unit objects forming the "unit consciousness" or ''atma''. Particularly the reflection of the soul on the mind is called ''{{lang|sa-Latn|jiivatma}}'' and in that case the "reflector-soul" is called ''Paramatma'' (Supreme Soul).<ref group=note>''{{lang|sa-Latn|Visaya purusavabhashah jiivatma}}'': "The reflection of Consciousness – ''Purusa'' – in the unit object is known as ''{{lang|sa-Latn|jiivatma}}'' – "unit soul" – (''Ananda Sutram'', Chapter 2, Sutra 8 (2–8) in Avadhūtika Ānanda Mitra Ācāryā, 1981).</ref>

{{Infobox
|title       =Yama-Niyama
<!-- This infobox is based on the 10 principles of yogic morality (yama-niyama)
as explained by Sarkar in ''A Guide to Human Conduct''. -->

|headerstyle =background:#ccf;
|labelstyle  =background:#ddf;

|header1=Yama (Restraint)
  | label2= Ahim'sa' (Benignity)
  | data2=Thinking, speaking, and acting without inflicting pain or harm on another
  | label3= Satya (Benevolence)
  | data3=Thinking and speaking with goodwill
  | label4= Asteya<br />(Honesty)
  | data4=Not taking or keeping what belongs to others
  | label5= Brahmacarya (Ideation)
  | data5=Constant mental association with the Supreme
  | label6= Aparigraha (Frugality)
  | data6=Non-indulgence in superfluous amenities
|header7=Niyama (Regulation)
  | label8= Shaoca (Cleanliness)
  | data8=Physical and mental purity, both internal and external
  | label9= Santos'a (Contentment)
  | data9=Maintaining a state of mental ease
  | label10= Tapah<br />(Sacrifice)
  | data10=Acceptance of sufferings to reach the spiritual goal
  | label11= Sva'dhya'ya (Contemplation)
  | data11=Clear understanding of any spiritual subject
  | label12= Iishvara Pran'idha'na (Dedication)
  | data12=Adopting the Cosmic Controller as the only ideal of life and moving with ever-accelerating speed toward that Desideratum

|belowstyle=background:#ddf;
|below=Intent is primary, but both intent and action should conform if possible.
}}
* '''Realms of the [[Mind]]''': according to Ánanda Márga philosophy the human mind is composed of five layers called ''Kosas'':<ref group=note>The last three deeper layers are collectively called "Causal Mind". "Causal" signifies that these layers are in the most direct contact with the "Causal Consciousness" from which the mind has evolved and within which it exists.</ref> 1)''Kamamaya Kosa'' ("desire layer") or "Crude Mind": is the crudest layer, purified through adherence to the yogic code of morality, Yama-Niyama.<ref group=note>This ''Kosa'' controls the various autonomic activities of the body and the expression of the mental propensities, known as ''vrtti''.</ref> 2)''Manomaya Kosa'' ("layer of thinking") or "Subtle Mind": is the layer of thought and memory.<ref group=note>This ''Kosa'' gives experience of pleasure and pain. It is developed naturally through physical clash, and in ''Ánanda Márga sadhana'' by ''pranayama'' with cosmic ideation.</ref> 3)''Atimanasa Kosa'' or "Supramental Mind": is the intuitive layer.<ref group=note>This ''Kosa''  gives the capacity of intuitive dreams, clairvoyance, telepathy and creative insight. It is developed naturally through psychic clash, and in ''Ánanda Márga sadhana'' by methods of ''pratyahara'' (withdrawal) such as ''shuddhis'' and ''Guru Puja''.</ref> 4)''Vijinanamaya Kosa'' ("layer of the special knowledge") or "Subliminal Mind": is the layer of conscience or discrimination (''{{lang|sa-Latn|viveka}}'') and ''{{lang|sa-Latn|[[Vairagya|vaeragya]]}}'' (non-attachment).<ref group=note>This ''Kosa'' is developed naturally through psychic clash, and its development is accelerated by the process of ''dharana''.</ref> 5)''Hiranyamaya Kosa'' ("golden level") or "Subtle Causal Mind": is the subtlest layer. Here the [[awareness]] of mind is very close to the direct [[experience]] of "Supreme Consciousness".<ref group=note>Here there is only the separation of a thin veil of ignorance. This ''Kosa'' is developed naturally through the attraction for the Great, and ''[[Dhyana in Hinduism|dhyana]]'' accelerates this process for spiritual aspirant).</ref>
* '''[[Microvita theory]]''': ''Microvita'' means "micro-life". The concept was introduced in 1986 through a series of lectures by Sarkar. According to this notion, microvita are entities which come within the realms both of physicality and of psychic expression. They are imagined as smaller and subtler than physical atoms and subatomic particles. So far as physicality is concerned, the position of these microvita is just between ectoplasm and electron, but they are neither ectoplasm nor electron.{{sfn|Dalal|2011|p=325}} The author predicted that they would be recognized by conventional science when it is developed much further.

=== Social philosophy ===

The social outlook of Ánanda Márga asserts that human beings are an expression of the Supreme Being, the welfare of the individual is linked with the welfare of the collective,{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}} each relying on the other for its existence and dynamism. According to this philosophy everyone has the right to equal opportunities of life and development and as such there should be no discrimination on the basis of superficial barriers such as race, nationality and religion. Ánanda Márga advocates a state if live,{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}} a world of justice, security and peace for all.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://anandamarga.org/social-philosophy/ |title=Ánanda Márga Social Philosophy |access-date=21 April 2012 |archive-date=13 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813215852/http://www.anandamarga.org/social-philosophy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The social philosophy covers neohumanism, education, culture, and the organisation's own [[Progressive utilization theory]] (PROUT).{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007a|pp=30–31}}{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}} The philosophy reinterprets the general concept of culture by inserting it into a new universalistic outlook. As described by Antonello Maggipinto, "Sarkar offers a new point of view, with a large universalistic explanation: 'the culture of the whole human race is one, but marked by different local manifestations ... it is the same, but varying in expression.'"{{sfn|Maggipinto|2000}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Sociology of knowledge to Zaroastrianism |editor-first=Edward |editor-last=Craig |editor-link=Edward Craig (philosopher) |publisher= Routledge (Taylor & Francis) |year=1998 |isbn=0-415-16916-X}}</ref> In 1968, Sarkar founded the organization "Proutist Block of India" to further the ideals of his theory through political and social action.{{sfn|Fukui|1985|p=357}}

=== Tantra in Ánanda Márga ===
{{quote box|width=30em|bgcolor=#c6dbf7|title=Shrii Shrii Anandamurti on ''tantrics'' and ''tantric'' cult |align=left|quote=A person who, irrespective of caste, creed or religion, aspires for spiritual expansion or does something concrete, is a Tantric. Tantra in itself is neither a religion nor an 'ism'. Tantra is a fundamental spiritual science. So wherever there is any spiritual practice it should be taken for granted that it stands on the Tantric cult. Where there is no spiritual practice, where people pray to God for the fulfilment of narrow worldly desires, where people's only slogan is "Give us this and give us that" – only there do we find that Tantra is discouraged. So only those who do not understand Tantra, or even after understanding Tantra do not want to do any spiritual practice, oppose the cult of Tantra.|source=Sarkar's "Tantra and its Effect on Society", 1959.{{sfn|Anandamurti|1959}}}}

Sarkar weaves continuity with the ancient philosophy of [[Tantra]], infusing new insights in human psychology, social theory and in each individuals' roles as spiritual and "socio-economic-cultural-political" beings. Ánanda Márga Tantra is claimed to have a broad metaphysical base which allows for ways of knowing, feeling and processing which go beyond intellectuality or limited rationality. Priorities are given to the spiritual development, as Sarkar notes, "spiritual life controls all other arenas of human life."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gurukul.edu/ |title=Bussey, Marcus. ''Homo Tantricus: Tantra as an Episteme for Future Generations'' |access-date=25 January 2010 |archive-date=5 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105072325/http://www.gurukul.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ánanda Márga Tantra is claimed to be a principle which if practiced will lead to the desired objective. The essence of Tantra is to awaken the latent spiritual force in the human personality and unify oneself with the Cosmic Consciousness.<ref>Coyle, G. 1985 {{page needed|date=September 2021}}</ref>

=== ''Guru'' and disciple ===

According to tantric tradition a proper [[preceptor]] and a proper disciple are both essential for success on the path of Tantra.
P.R. Sarkar clearly explains<ref>See: Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, 1982 and 1994.</ref> that, disciples are of three categories: 1) disciples that acquire spiritual knowledge when they are in close contact with the preceptor, but as soon as they are apart from him they forget all his/her teachings, 2) disciples that learn many things from the preceptor with great hardship, but do not take proper care to preserve those instructions. They lose their hard-earned knowledge out of negligence, 3) disciples that carefully preserve deep in their minds and hearts whatever they have learned from their preceptor by wisely putting those teachings into practice. This is the best category of disciples.

==Confrontations==

During the 1960s, the organisation expanded rapidly in India, sending [[Acharya]]s  as missionaries to other continents. Ánanda Márga's popularity in India put it in direct confrontation with the [[CPI(M)|Communist Party]] in [[West Bengal]]. In 1967, Ánanda Márga headquarters came under attack by locals who were allegedly incited by Communist leaders.{{sfn|Crovetto|2011|p=254}} Criticism of corruption in the Indian government by acharyas of Ánanda Márga also put it in confrontation with Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]].{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}}

=== Sarkar's incarceration ===
In 1971, [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Sarkar]] was imprisoned in India for the alleged murder of five former Ánanda Márga members, on what were later proved false charges.{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}} The Ánanda Márga organisation was banned and a number its leaders arrested.{{sfn|Jones|Ryan|2007b|pp=34–35}} In February 1973, Sarkar was poisoned in prison, allegedly by the jail doctor on orders from the higher echelons of government. On 1 April, after recovering his health, Sarkar began fasting in support of a demand for an investigation into his poisoning. That demand was never met. So he continued his fast for the next five years, four months, and two days, until 2 August 1978 when he was released from jail after having been proved innocent of all charges.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 26, 2015|orig-date=August 15, 1978|title=My interpretation of violence can co-exist with Ahimsa: Anandmurti|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/19780815-my-interpretation-of-violence-can-co-exist-with-ahimsa-anandmurti-818549-2015-02-03|access-date=2020-12-14|website=India Today|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309124753/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/19780815-my-interpretation-of-violence-can-co-exist-with-ahimsa-anandmurti-818549-2015-02-03|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Bijon Setu massacre ===
{{Main|Bijon Setu massacre}}
The [[Bijon Setu massacre]] ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: বিজন সেতু হত্যাকাণ্ড) was the killing and burning of 16 [[Sadhu|''sadhus'']] and a ''sadhvi'' of Ánanda Márga, at [[Bijon Setu]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]], on 30 April 1982. Although the attacks were carried out in broad daylight, no arrests were ever made. After repeated calls for a formal judicial investigation, a single-member judicial commission was set up in 2012 to investigate the killings.

== See also ==
* [[Ananda Nagar, Purulia]]
* [[Jamalpur, Bihar]]
* [[List of new religious movements]]
* [[New religious movement]]

==References==

=== Footnotes ===
{{reflist|group=note|colwidth=30em}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Secondary sources ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{citation |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&pg=PA21 |year=2011 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |place=Delhi |isbn=978-0-14-341517-6 }}
* {{citation|title=Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific |last= Fukui |first= Haruhiro |year= 1985 | publisher=Greenwood Press |page=357 |isbn= 0-313-21350-X}}
* [[Shaman Hatley|Hatley, Shaman]]; [[Inayatullah, Sohail]] (1999), "Karma Samnyasa: Sarkar’s reconceptualization of Indian ascetism", in K. Ishwaran, ed., ''Ascetic culture: renunciation and worldly engagement''. Leiden, Brill, Vol. 73, International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology. pp. 139–152.
* {{cite book |year=2002 |surname=Inayatullah |given=Sohail |authorlink=Sohail Inayatullah |title=Understanding Sarkar: The Indian Episteme, Macrohistory and Transformative Knowledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B3rXAAAAMAAJ |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |isbn=9004121935 |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114083533/https://books.google.com/books?id=B3rXAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |surname=Jones |given=Constance A. |surname2=Ryan |given2=James D. |title=Ánanda Márga Yoga Society |year=2007a |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url={{Google books|OgMmceadQ3gC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |place=New York |publisher=Facts On File |isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9 |series=Encyclopedia of World Religions. [[J. Gordon Melton]], Series Editor |pages=30–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020070415/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |archive-date=20 October 2022 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=13 January 2022 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=2007b |surname=Jones |given=Constance A. |surname2=Ryan |given2=James D. |title=Sri Anandamurti |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url={{Google books|OgMmceadQ3gC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |place=New York |publisher=Facts On File |isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9 |series=Encyclopedia of World Religions. [[J. Gordon Melton]], Series Editor |pages=34–35 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020070415/https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |archive-date=20 October 2022 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=13 January 2022 }}
* {{citation |year=2011 |last=Crovetto |first=Helen |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Violence and New Religious Movements |title-link=Violence and New Religious Movements |chapter=Ánanda Márga, PROUT, and the Use of Force |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-973563-1 |language=en}}
* {{citation |last=Maggipinto |first=Antonello |contribution=Multilanguage Acquisition, New Technologies, Education and Global Citizenship |editor-last=American Association for Italian Studies |title=Academic journal article from Italian Culture |volume=18-2 |page=147 |publisher=AAIS |place=New York |year=2000 |contribution-url=https://www.questia.com/library/1G1-83245337/multilanguage-acquisition-new-technologies-education |access-date=24 August 2017 |archive-date=3 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003004151/http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-83245337/multilanguage-acquisition-new-technologies-education |url-status=live }}
{{refend}}

=== Primary sources ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Anandamurti |first=Shrii Shrii |year=1959 |authorlink=Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar |title=Tantra and its Effect on Society |location=Bhagalpur |publisher=Ananda Marga Pubs}}
* [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar|Anandamurti, Shrii Shrii]] (1988). [http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/25872096&referer=brief_results Ananda Marga ideology and way of life in a nutshell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104422/http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/25872096%26referer%3Dbrief_results |date=29 September 2007 }}. Calcutta: Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saḿgha.
* {{cite book |year=1999 |last=Dharmavedananda |first=Ác. |title=Travel with the Mystic Master |location=Singapore |publisher=Ananda Marga Publications |isbn=981-04-0864-1}}
* Nandita & Devadatta (1971). [http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/1954270&referer=brief_results Path of bliss: Ananda Marga yoga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121602/http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/1954270%26referer%3Dbrief_results |date=29 September 2007 }}. Wichita, Kansas: Ananda Marga Publishers.
* Tarak (1990). [http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/27387128&referer=brief_results Ananda Marga, social and spiritual practices] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929135935/http://worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/27387128%26referer%3Dbrief_results |date=29 September 2007 }}. Calcutta: Ananda Marga Publications.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.anandamarga.org/ Ananda Marga.org]
* [https://www.yogapedia.com/definition/10553/ananda-marga What is Ananda Marga? - Definition from Yogapedia]

{{Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar}}
{{Yoga}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Spiritual organizations]]
[[Category:Yoga organizations]]
[[Category:Modern Denominational Yoga]]
[[Category:Shaiva sects]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Ananda Marga]]
[[Category:Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]]
[[Category:Tantric sects]]
[[Category:Jamalpur, Bihar]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Bihar]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1955]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:New religious movements established in the 1950s]]