Editing Exorcism (section)

==Islam==
{{Main|Exorcism in Islam}}

Terms for exorcism practices include ''ṭard'' (or ''dafʿ'') ''al-shayṭān/al-jinn'' (expulsion of the demon/the spirit), ''ʿilāj'' (treatment), and ''ibrāʾ al-maṣrūʿ'' (curing the possessed), but also ''ruḳya'' (enchantment or cleansing)<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6333 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_6333 |isbn=9789004161214|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704221120/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_6333 |archive-date=4 July 2021 |title=RUKYA |date=24 April 2012 }}</ref> is used to exorcise various spirits.<ref name="fleet">{{cite journal |date=October 2014 |title=Exorcism |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_26268 |journal=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704221046/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_26268 |archive-date=4 July 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The Islamic prophet Muhammad taught his followers to read the last three ''[[sura]]s'' from the [[Quran]], [[Surat al-Ikhlas]] (The Fidelity), [[Surat al-Falaq]] (The Dawn) and [[Surat an-Nas]] (Mankind). The permissibility of exorcism, as well as models for its practice, can be traced to [[Hadith]]s reporting Muhammad and [[Jesus in Islam|Jesus]] performing exorcism rites.<ref name=fleet/>

Islamic exorcisms might consist of the treated person lying down, while a [[sheikh]] places a hand on a patient's head and recites verses from the Quran, but this is not mandatory.<ref name="AlArabiya">{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/14/214122.html|title=Belgium court charges six people in deadly exorcism of Muslim woman|author=<!--Not stated-->|work=[[Al Arabiya]]|date=14 May 2012|access-date=7 September 2012|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211414/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/14/214122.html%0A%20%20|url-status=live}}</ref> The drinking or sprinkling of [[holy water]] (water from the [[Zamzam Well]]) may also take place along with applying of clean, non-alcohol-based perfumes, called ''[[attar]]''.<ref name="AlArabiya" /> Specific verses from the Quran are recited that glorify God (e.g., [[Al-Baqara 255|The Throne Verse]] ({{Langx|ar|آية الكرسي|translit=Ayatul Kursi}})) and invoke God's help. In some cases, the ''[[adhan]]'' (call for daily prayers) is also read, as this has the effect of repelling non-angelic unseen beings or the ''[[jinn]]''.<ref>{{Citation |last1=MacDonald |first1=D. B. |title=Ḏj̲inn |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English) |url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/EIEO/COM-0191.xml |access-date=2025-04-05 |publisher=Brill |language=en |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_com_0191 |last2=Massé |first2=H. |last3=Boratav |first3=P. N. |last4=Nizami |first4=K. A. |last5=Voorhoeve |first5=P. |quote=All their (jinn) activities take place at night and come to an end with the first cock-crow or the first call to morning prayer.|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

According to a study by Alean Al-Krenawi and John Graham,
the process of Quranic healing in order to exorcise spirits can be divided into three stages:
# Removing any ([[haram]]) distractions, such as music instruments, amulets (tabiz) and golden jewelry. All pictures in the room that (it is believed) would allow [[angels in Islam|angels]] to enter are removed. The healer then tells the client and the family that everything happens by God's will and that he is merely a mediator, also mentioning that other forms of healing, such as by sorcery, are not acceptable to Islam.
# The healer determines if the client is possessed or not and tries to enter a dialogue with the spirit. The healer might ask the spirit about type (''[[Zār|Zar]]'' ("red wind"), ''Arwah'' (ghosts), ''jinn'' (genii), ''shayatin'' (devils), ''div'' (demons)), religion, sex or reason for possession. He also asks the client, not the spirit, about dreams and feelings involved in the dream. After that, the healer cleans himself, the room, and asks the people in the room to do the same.
# The actual exorcism begins by reciting Quranic verses such as [[Al-Fatiha]], [[Al-Baqara]], [[Al-Baqara 255]], [[Al-Jinn]] and three Qul ([[Al-Ikhlas]], [[An-Nas]] and [[Al-Falaq]]), depending on the type of spirit. Other treatments include using honey and water, as a purification ritual to clean the soul and body from sins.<ref name=SWaKMH>{{cite journal |author1=Alean Al-Krenawi |author2=John Graham |title=Social work and Koranic mental health healers |journal=International Social Work|volume= 42 |issue=1|pages= 53–65|date= 1999|doi=10.1177/002087289904200106 |s2cid=71504194 |url= https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002087289904200106|url-access=subscription }}</ref>