Editing Anti-cult movement (section)

=== Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists ===

From the 1970s onwards some psychiatrists and clinical psychologists accused "cults" of harming some of their members.<ref>Louis J. West and Margaret Thaler Singer. "Cults, Quacks, and Nonprofessional Therapies." In ''Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/III'', edited by Harold I. Kaplan, Alfred M. Freedman, and Benjamin J. Sadock, 3245–3358. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. London and Baltimore, MD: William & Wilkins, 1980.</ref><ref>David A. Halperin. "Psychiatric Perspectives on Cult Affiliation." ''Psychiatric Annals'' 20 (1990): 204–218.</ref> These accusations were sometimes based on observations made during therapy, and sometimes were related to theories regarding brainwashing or mind control.<ref>Thomas Robbins and Dick Anthony. "Cults, Brainwashing, and Counter-Subversion." ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'' 446 (1979): 78–90.</ref>