Editing Ariosophy (section)

===Listians under the Third Reich===
List died on 17 May 1919, a few months before [[Adolf Hitler]] joined a minor Bavarian political party and formed it into the [[NSDAP]]. After the Nazis had come to power, several advocates of Armanism fell victim to the suppression of [[Esotericism in Germany and Austria|esotericism in Nazi Germany]].

The main reason for the persecution of occultists was the Nazi policy of systematically closing down esoteric organisations (although Germanic paganism was still practised by some Nazis on an individual basis), but the instigator in certain cases{{Citation needed|date=March 2018|reason=which cases are referred to here? and what evidence is cited to support claim Wiligut was instigator?}} was Himmler's personal occultist, Karl Maria Wiligut. Wiligut identified the monotheistic religion of Irminism as the true ancestral belief, claiming that Guido von List's Wotanism and runic row constituted a schismatic false religion.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018|reason=where did Wiligut make this claim?}}

Among the Listians – Kummer and Marby are not mentioned by Goodrick-Clarke<ref name = "GC1985:43">{{harvnb|Goodrick-Clarke|1985| p=43}}</ref> among the signatories who endorsed the List Society around 1905 but both men were indebted to "Listian" ideas<ref name = "GC1985:181-2">{{harvnb|Goodrick-Clarke|1985|pp= 181–82}}</ref> – who were subjected to censure were the rune occultists [[Friedrich Marby|Friedrich Bernhard Marby]] and Siegfried Adolf Kummer, both of whom were denounced by Wiligut in 1934 in a letter to Himmler.<ref name="GC1985:254">Karl-Maria Weisthor (i.e. Wiligut) to Himmler, 2 May 1934, Bundesarchiv, Koblenz, Himmler Nachlass 19, cited in {{harvnb|Goodrick-Clarke|1985|p=254 n.21}}</ref> Flowers<ref name="F1988:35">{{harvnb|List|1988|p= 35}}</ref> writes: "The establishment of [an] 'official NS [[runology]]' under Himmler, Wiligut, and others led directly to the need to suppress the rune-magical 'free agents' such as Marby". Despite having openly supported the Nazis,<ref name="M19357-42inF1988:117">{{harvnb|Marby|1935|pp= 7–42}} cited in {{harvnb|List|1988|p=117 n.47}}</ref> Marby was arrested by the Gestapo in 1936 as an anti-Nazi occultist and was interned in [[Welzheim]], [[Flossenbürg concentration camp|Flossenbürg]] and [[Dachau concentration camp|Dachau]] [[concentration camp]]s.<ref name="F1988:117">{{harvnb|List|1988|p= 117 n.47}}</ref><ref name="GC1985:161">{{harvnb|Goodrick-Clarke|1985|p= 161}}</ref><ref name="R2006:119">{{harvnb|Rudgley|2006|p= 119}}</ref> Kummer disappears from History after Wiligut's denunciation in 1934, and his fate is unknown. He may have died in a concentration camp.{{sfn|Lange|1998}} According to Rudgley,<ref name="R2006:125">{{harvnb|Rudgley|2006|p= 125}}</ref> "[u]nsubstantiated rumours" have him fleeing Nazi Germany in exile to South America, but "it is more likely that he perished in one of the camps that Marby was to survive or died during the Allied bombing of [[Dresden]]."

Günter Kirchhoff, a List Society member whom Wiligut had recommended to Himmler on the strength of his researches into prehistory, is reported to have written that Wiligut by intrigue had ensured that Ernst Lauterer (a.k.a. "Tarnhari") – another List Society member, who claimed a secret clan tradition that rivalled Wiligut's own – was committed to a concentration camp as an "English agent". Flowers and Moynihan<ref name = "F&M2007:59,165,77">{{harvnb|List|1988|pp= 59, 165, 177}}</ref> reproduce Kirchhoff's testimony as reported by both Adolf Schleipfer and researcher Manfred Lenz (but doubted by Wiligut's former secretary Gabriele Dechend).