Editing Messianic Judaism (section)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<!-- A -->
<ref name=Ariel2006p191>
{{harvnb|Ariel|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ClaySHbUEogC&dq=While+Christianity+started+in+the+first+century+of+the+Common+Era&pg=RA1-PA191 191]|ps=: "In the late 1960s and 1970s, both Jews and Christians in the United States were surprised to see the rise of a vigorous movement of Jewish Christians or Christian Jews. For many observers, such a combination seemed like an oxymoron, because they saw the two faiths as completely separate from each other. While Christianity started in the first century of the Common Era as a Jewish group, it quickly separated from Judaism and claimed to replace it; ever since the relationship between the two traditions has often been strained. But in the twentieth century, groups of young Jews claimed that they had overcome the historical differences between the two religions and amalgamated Jewish traditions and customs with the Christian faith. Attempting to overcome the historical difference between the two religious traditions, these Jewish converts to Christianity define themselves as Messianic Jews, thus pointing to the movements ideology of returning to the roots of the Christian faith."}}
</ref>
<ref name=Ariel2006p194>
{{harvnb|Ariel|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oZiScvbS6-cC&dq=When+the+term+resurfaced+in+Israel&pg=RA1-PA194 194] |ps=: "But the generation that came of age in the 1960s and 1970s thought differently about these matters. They wanted to make their own choices and did not feel constrained by old boundaries and taboos. Judaism and Christianity could go hand in hand.…In the first phase of the movement, during the early and mid-1970s, Jewish converts to Christianity established several congregations at their own initiative.…The term Messianic Judaism came into public use in America in the early 1970s.…The term, however was not entirely new. It was used in the internal debates in the community of converts as early as the beginning of the century.…Missionaries, such as the Southern Baptist Robert Lindsey noted that for Israeli Jews, the term ''notzrim'', "Christians" in Hebrew, meant, almost automatically, an alien hostile religion. Because such a term made it nearly impossible to convince Jews that Christianity was their religion, missionaries sought a more neutral term.…They chose ''Meshychim'', Messianic, to overcome the suspicion and antagonism of the term ''notzrim''.…It conveyed the sense of a new, innovative religion rather that ''[sic]'' an old, unfavorable one. The term was used in reference to those Jews who accepted Jesus as their personal savior, and did not apply to Jews accepting Roman Catholicism who in Israel have called themselves Hebrew Christians.}}
</ref>
<ref name=Ariel2006p208>
{{harvnb|Ariel|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oZiScvbS6-cC&pg=RA1-PA208 208]}}
</ref>
<ref name="Azulai2009">
{{Cite news
 |url         = https://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/2009-10-03/ty-article/0000017f-f5f4-d47e-a37f-fdfc8a040000
 |title       = Aich Nilcham Irgun "Yad L'Achim" B'Yehudim HaMeshichim? Remez: Kol HaEmtzaim K'shayrim
 |script-title = he:איך נלחם ארגון "יד לאחים" ביהודים המשיחיים? רמז: כל האמצעים כשרים
 |first       = Yuval
 |last        = Azulai
 |date        = October 3, 2009
 |work        = [[Haaretz]]
 |language    = He
 |trans-title = How does the Yad L'Achim organization battle Messianic Jews? Hint: Anything goes
 |access-date = January 2, 2023
}}
</ref>
<!-- B -->
<ref name = "BB_C_1998">
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.bnaibrith.ca/publications/audit1998/audit1998-07.html
 |title=1998 Audit of Antisemitic Incidents
 |date=1998
 |website=[[B'nai Brith Canada]]
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719205927/http://www.bnaibrith.ca/publications/audit1998/audit1998-07.html
 |archive-date=2006-07-19
 |url-status=dead
 |quote=One of the more alarming trends in [[Anti-Semitism|antisemitic]] activity in Canada in 1998 was the growing number of incidents involving messianic organizations posing as "synagogues". These missionizing organizations are in fact evangelical Christian proselytizing groups, whose purpose is specifically to target members of the Jewish community for conversion. They fraudulently represent themselves as Jews, and these so-called synagogues are elaborately disguised Christian churches.
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Beit Simcha">
{{cite web
 | url=https://beitsimcha.com/our-beliefs/
 | title=Our Beliefs
 | author=<!--Not stated-->
 | date= n.d.
 | access-date=March 28, 2023
 |quote=To study the whole and authoritative Word of God, including the Tanakh (Hebrew Scriptures) and the Brit Chadasha (New Covenant) under the leading of the Holy Spirit
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Berman">
{{cite news
 | last         = Berman
 | first        = Daphna
 | date         = June 10, 2006
 | title        = Aliyah with a cat, a dog and Jesus
 | url          = https://www.haaretz.com/1.4913795
 | access-date  = January 3, 2023
 | work         = [[Haaretz]]
 | quote=In rejecting their petition, Supreme Court Justice [[Menachem Elon]] cited their belief in Jesus. 'In the last two thousand years of history…the Jewish people have decided that messianic Jews do not belong to the Jewish nation…and have no right to force themselves on it,' he wrote, concluding that 'those who believe in Jesus, are, in fact Christians.'
 | url-access   = subscription
 | archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20180730202757/https://www.haaretz.com/1.4913795
 | archive-date = July 30, 2018
 |url-status    = live 
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Brown-CPM-Talmud">
{{cite web
 |url          = https://www.chosenpeople.com/rabbinic-objections/
 |title        = Rabbinic Objections
 |last         = Brown
 |first        = Michael
 |author-link  = Michael L. Brown
 |publisher    = [[Chosen People Ministries]]
 |access-date  = December 29, 2022
 |quote        = ...{{nbsp}}I will present some foundational truths from the Scriptures, and as you continue to research the matter for yourself, these truths will lead to one inescapable conclusion: It is the Tanakh rather than the Talmud and the rabbinic traditions that must be followed if we are to be totally faithful to the Lord....Which, then, will you follow? The written Word or the traditions of men? When you stand before God, what will you say?
 |date         = October 29, 2009
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Brown2010">
{{Cite news
 |last=Brown
 |first=Emma
 |date=May 21, 2010
 |title=Moishe Rosen, 78; founded evangelistic group Jews for Jesus
 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]
 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/20/AR2010052005115.html
 |access-date=January 3, 2023
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Burton2018">
{{Cite web
 |last=Burton
 |first=Tara Isabella
 |date=October 31, 2018
 |title=Messianic Jews and Jews for Jesus, explained
 |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/10/31/18042506/jew-for-jesus-messianic-jews-loren-jacobs-mike-pence
 |access-date=January 3, 2023
 |publisher=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]
}}
</ref>
<ref name="BT">
{{cite web
 |url=http://beit-tefillah.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=40
 |title=Who we are
 |access-date=2007-12-20
 |last=Bernay
 |first=Adam J.
 |date=December 3, 2007
 |website=<!--should this be giving Chinese(?): http://beit-tefillah.com/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1--> beit-tefillah.com]
 |quote="Orthodox Messianic" groups (they go by many names) teach that you must keep the commandments in order to be saved, and not just the commandments in the Scripture, but the traditional rules as coined by Judaism since the Temple was destroyed... essentially, they teach that we must keep Orthodox Judaism, but with the addition of Yeshua.  We do NOT teach this in any way, shape, or form.  Some of the traditions are right and good, and in keeping with the commandments.  Others are not.  Only by studying to show ourselves approved of God can we rightly divide the word of truth and discover how God calls us to live.
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409073515/http://beit-tefillah.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=40
 |archive-date=April 9, 2008
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>
<!-- C -->
<ref name = "CBN2008">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/shows/cwn/2008/April/Messianic-Jews-Claim-Victory-in-Israeli-Court-/
| title = Messianic Jews Claim Victory in Israeli Court
| access-date = March 12, 2012
| date = April 18, 2008
| publisher = CBNnews.com
| quote = The Supreme Court of Israel ruled Wednesday that being a Messianic Jew cannot prevent Israeli citizenship if the Jewish descent is from the person's father's side.
}}
</ref>

<ref name = "Shochet1999">
{{cite news
 | title       = Judaism has no place for those who betray their roots
 | first       = Jacob Immanuel
 | last        = Schochet
 | author-link = Jacob Immanuel Schochet
 | newspaper   = [[Canadian Jewish News]]
 | date        = July 29, 1999
 | quote       = For a Jew, however, any form of shituf is tantamount to idolatry in the fullest sense of the word. There is then no way that a Jew can ever accept Jesus as a deity, mediator or savior (messiah), or even as a prophet, without betraying Judaism.
 | url = http://www.cjnews.com/pastissues/99/july29-99/feature/feature2.htm
| url-status   = dead
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20041124055959/http://www.cjnews.com/pastissues/99/july29-99/feature/feature2.htm
| archive-date = November 24, 2004
| access-date  = January 3, 2023
}}
</ref>
<ref name = CTOMC_SoF>{{cite web
 |url=https://www.ctomc.ca/sof.php
 |title=Statement of Faith Of Coalition of Torah Observant Congregations
 |access-date=2019-04-03
 |website=CTOMC
 |archive-date=2019-04-03
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403165407/https://www.ctomc.ca/sof.php
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>
<ref name = "CTOMC-SoF-4">{{cite web
|url = http://www.ctomc.ca/sof.php
|title = Points of Order (#4)
|access-date = 2019-04-03
|year = 2015
|quote = The Torah in our usage never refers to the Talmud but, while we do not consider the Talmud or any other commentary on the Scriptures as the Word of G-d, we believe that the writings of Oral Tradition, such as the Talmud, the Mishnah, and the Midrash Rabbah, also contain further insight into the character of G-d and His dealings with His people.
|archive-date = 2017-09-12
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170912011617/http://www.ctomc.ca/sof.php
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
<!-- D -->
<ref name="Denominations">
;[[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]]
:{{harvnb|Simmons|2004|ps=: Jews do not accept Jesus as the messiah because: 1. Jesus did not fulfill the messianic prophecies. 2. Jesus did not embody the personal qualifications of the Messiah. 3. Biblical verses "referring" to Jesus are mistranslations. 4. Jewish belief is based on national revelation}}
;[[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]]:{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.uscj.org/JewishLivingandLearning/SocialAction/SocialJustice/CurrentIssues/ReligiousIssues/JewishValues/MessianicJewsAreNotJews.aspx
 |title       = Messianic Jews Are Not Jews
 |access-date = December 13, 2016
 |last        = Waxman
 |first       = Jonathan
 |year        = 2006
 |publisher   = [[United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism]]
 |quote       = Hebrew Christian, Jewish Christian, Jew for Jesus, Messianic Jew, Fulfilled Jew. The name may have changed over the course of time, but all of the names reflect the same phenomenon: one who asserts that s/he is straddling the theological fence between Judaism and Christianity, but in truth is firmly on the Christian side ... we must affirm as did the Israeli Supreme Court in the well-known Brother Daniel case that to adopt Christianity is to have crossed the line out of the Jewish community.
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220131151/http://www.uscj.org/JewishLivingandLearning/SocialAction/SocialJustice/CurrentIssues/ReligiousIssues/JewishValues/MessianicJewsAreNotJews.aspx
 |archive-date = December 20, 2016
 |ref = none
}}
;[[Reform Judaism|Reform]]:{{cite web
 |url        = http://huc.edu/news/1999/08/02/missionary-impossible
 |title      = Missionary Impossible
 |access-date = December 13, 2016
 |date       = August 2, 1999
 |publisher  = [[Hebrew Union College]]
 |quote      = Missionary Impossible, an imaginative video and curriculum guide for teachers, educators, and rabbis to teach Jewish youth how to recognize and respond to "Jews-for-Jesus", "Messianic Jews", and other Christian proselytizers, has been produced by six rabbinic students at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion's Cincinnati School. The students created the video as a tool for teaching why Jewish college and high school youth and Jews in intermarried couples are primary targets of Christian missionaries.
}}
:{{cite web
 |url=https://reformjudaism.org/what-are-main-differences-between-jew-and-christian
 |title=What are the main differences between a Jew and a Christian?
 |last=Glazier
 |first=James Scott
 |date=2012-09-06
 |website=ReformJudaism.org
 |access-date=2019-04-02
 |quote=The essential difference between Jews and Christians is that Christians accept Jesus as messiah and personal savior. Jesus is not part of Jewish theology. Amongst Jews, Jesus is not considered a divine being.
 |ref = none
}}
;[[Jewish Renewal|Renewal]]:{{cite web
 |url         = https://www.aleph.org/faq.htm
 |title       = FAQ's About Jewish Renewal
 |access-date  = December 20, 2007
 |year        = 2007
 |website     = aleph.org
 |quote       = '''''What is ALEPH's position on so called messianic Judaism?''''' ALEPH has a policy of respect for other spiritual traditions, but objects to deceptive practices and will not collaborate with denominations which actively target Jews for recruitment. Our position on so-called "Messianic Judaism" is that it is Christianity and its proponents would be more honest to call it that.
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20141023183108/https://www.aleph.org/faq.htm
 |archive-date = October 23, 2014
}}
</ref>
<!-- E -->
<ref name = "ENS">
{{cite web
 |url=https://www.tsiyon.org/seal/messianic_seal_news.htm
 |title= The Discovery of the Messianic Seal
 |author=<!--Not stated-->
 |date=July 6, 1999
 |series=
 |publisher=
 |agency=[[Evangelical Press Association|Evangelical Press News Service]]
 |access-date=January 2, 2023
 |via=tsiyon.org
}}
</ref>
<!-- F -->
<ref name="Feher1998p140">
{{harvnb|Feher|1998|p=140|ps=: "This interest in developing a Jewish ethnic identity may not be surprising when we consider the 1960s, when Messianic Judaism arose."}}
</ref>
<ref name="FFOZ">
{{cite web
 |url          = http://ffoz.org/messiahonline/_flipbook/templates/mj100/index.html
 |title        = Our Mission and Message
 |year         = 2010
 |publisher    = First Fruits of Zion
 |access-date   = September 9, 2010
 |page         = 14
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100923104657/http://ffoz.org/messiahonline/_flipbook/templates/mj100/index.html
 |archive-date = September 23, 2010
 |url-status     = dead
 |df           = mdy-all
}}</ref>
<ref name="Fischer">
{{cite web
 |url=https://www.freewebs.com/messianic_judaism/torahmessianicjudaism.htm
 |title=In Search of Messianic Jewish Thought
 |access-date=2008-01-07
 |year=2007
 |work=GoogleCache
 |quote=John Fischer affirms that Yeshua himself supported the traditions of the Pharisees which were very close to what later became rabbinic halacha. Messianic Jews today should not only take note of rabbinic tradition but incorporate it into Messianic Jewish halachah. The biblical pattern for Fischer is that "Yeshua, the Apostles, and the early Messianic Jews all deeply respected the traditions and devoutly observed them, and in so doing, set a useful pattern for us to follow." Citing Fischer, John, "Would Yeshua Support Halacha?" in ''Kesher: A Journal of Messianic Judaism'', Albuquerque, New Mexico: UMJC, 1997, pp. 51–81.
 |url-status=bot: unknown
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311144203/http://www.freewebs.com/messianic_judaism/torahmessianicjudaism.htm
 |archive-date=2007-03-11
}}</ref>
<ref name="Forward103118">
{{cite news
 |last1=Nathan-Kazis
 |first1=Josh
 |title=A GOP Rising Star Asks Jews For Jesus 'Rabbi' To Pray For Pittsburgh. What Could Go Wrong?
 |url=https://forward.com/news/413320/a-jewish-republican-asks-jews-for-jesus-rabbi-to-pray-for-pittsburgh-what/
 |access-date=2019-04-03
 |work=[[The Forward]]
 |date=October 31, 2018
 |quote=I could see nothing more offensive or more poorly calculated than to make this decision," said David Kurzmann, executive director of the Jewish Community Relations Council/AJC, a local Jewish advocacy group in Detroit. "The reaction and the rage in the community right now is very significant.
}}
</ref>
<!-- G -->
<ref name="GraftedInSoF">
{{cite web
 |url         = https://www.graftedin.com/mission-values
 |website    = The Harvest
 |title       = Our Beliefs
 |access-date  = 2019-04-02
 |quote       = We aim to influence every realm of society, in this generation and for generations to come, for the glory of Messiah and His Kingdom until He returns to judge the living and the dead.... We believe that the Torah (five books of Moses) is a comprehensive summary of God's foundational laws and ways, as found in both the Tanakh and Apostolic Scriptures. Additionally, the Bible teaches that without holiness no man can see God. We believe in the Doctrine of Sanctification as a definite, yet progressive work of grace, commencing at the time of regeneration and continuing until the consummation of salvation. Therefore we encourage all believers, both Jews and Gentiles, to affirm, embrace, and practice these foundational laws and ways as clarified through the teachings of Messiah Yeshua.... We believe Gentiles who place their faith and trust in Yeshua the Messiah as Lord and Savior, are grafted into Israel through a born again experience. This new birth results in a new identity. This new identity is a child of the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. As a result, this new child is adopted into the family and ethnos of Israel and becomes a full member and fellow heir of the covenants of promise and blessings made to Israel. The Gentiles who are grafted into Israel do not replace her. Rather, they participate with her as the chosen ones from among the nations who are also called to be a part of His treasured people Israel. In terms of their adoption into the household of God, these newly adopted Gentile children are to be treated as if they were native-born descendants of Jacob. As adopted Gentiles, they shall be accorded all the rights, privileges, and responsibilities of being full members of the commonwealth of Israel and fellow heirs of the covenants of promise made to her. They do not replace Israel but neither are they excluded. Like the mystery of the unity of God, the two groups are one in Messiah and yet distinct.
}}</ref>

<!-- H -->
<ref name="Harmon2013">
{{cite news
 |last=Harmon
 |first=Rick
 |date=September 26, 2013
 |title=Birmingham police employee's religious discrimination case settled
 |url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/article/20130926/NEWS02/309250071/Birmingham-police-employee-s-religious-discrimination-case-settled
 |newspaper=Montgomery Adviser
 |location=Montgomery, Alabama
 |access-date=September 10, 2015
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217052926/http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/article/20130926/NEWS02/309250071/Birmingham-police-employee-s-religious-discrimination-case-settled
 |archive-date=December 17, 2015
}}
</ref>
<!-- I -->
<ref name="IAMCS_Belief">
{{cite web
 |url=https://iamcs.org/about-us/belief
 |title=Belief
 |publisher=International Alliance of Messianic Congregations & Synagogues
 |location=[[Havertown, Pennsylvania]]
 |access-date=2019-04-03
 |website=IAMCS
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403050133/https://iamcs.org/about-us/belief
 |archive-date=2019-04-03
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>
<ref name = "IAMCS_home">
{{cite web
 |url=https://iamcs.org/home
 |title=Home
 |author=<!--Not stated-->
 |date=<!--Not stated-->
 |website=IAMCS
 |access-date=2019-04-03
 |quote=As more and more congregations were formed, many within the MJAA had a desire to form a fellowship of Messianic congregations or synagogues under the auspices of the MJAA.…As a result, in the spring of 1986, The International Alliance of Messianic Congregations and Synagogues (IAMCS) was formed.
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403050127/https://iamcs.org/home
 |archive-date=2019-04-03
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>
<ref name = "IRF2008">
{{cite web
| url = https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108484.htm
| title = 2008 Report on International Religious Freedom – Israel and the occupied territories
| date = 19 September 2008
| access-date = 2019-04-03
| publisher = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, US government
}}</ref>
<!-- J -->
<ref name = "JC_IYG">
{{cite web
 | author = Israel b. Betzalel
 | url = http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/faqs/is-yeshua-god/
 | title = Is Yeshua G-d?
 | date = March 9, 2009
 | work = JerusalemCouncil.org
 | quote = This then is who Yeshua is: He is not just a man, and as a man, he is not from Adam, but from G-d. He is the Word of HaShem, the Memra, the Davar, the Righteous One, he didn't become righteous, he is righteous. He is called G-d's Son, he is the agent of HaShem called HaShem, and he is "HaShem" who we interact with and not die.
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090427102439/http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/faqs/is-yeshua-god/
 | archive-date = April 27, 2009
 | url-status=usurped
 | access-date = December 29, 2022
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "JC_T">
{{cite web
 | author = Israel b. Betzalel
 | url = http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/apologetics/trinitarianism/
 | title = Trinitarianism
 | date = March 9, 2009
 | work = JerusalemCouncil.org
 | quote =  Yes I believe in the Spirit of God, the Ruach HaKodesh. Yet, to trinitarians wishing to stop there, I could ask, "Who filled the temple at its dedication? What is the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Spirit?" As we read on, we clearly read that it was the Glory that filled the tabernacle, the temple, etc. So what is the Glory? Where does the Glory fit into the trinitarian model? So then, as a chasid, I simply just agree with scripture and with what scripture says concerning the matter and leave it at that and thank HaShem.
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090427102320/http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/apologetics/trinitarianism/
 | archive-date = April 27, 2009
 | url-status=usurped
 | access-date = December 29, 2022
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "JeC1">
{{cite web
 | url=http://jerusalemcouncil.org/halacha/giyur/convert-to-judaism/
 | title=Jewish Conversion Process
 | access-date=January 4, 2023
 | date=February 10, 2009
 | publisher=JerusalemCouncil.org
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211012503/http://www.jerusalemcouncil.org/halacha/giyur/convert-to-judaism/
 | archive-date=February 11, 2009
 | url-status=usurped
 | quote=The process of Jewish Conversion is: 1. Repent by keeping the Covenant (Return to the Torah, get circumcised if male, and commit to the Torah). 2. Believe Yeshua is the Messiah, and that he is coming as the King (Obey everything He commands, which is the Torah). 3. Be immersed in the name of Yeshua, witnessed by others (Go through a mikveh in his name).
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "JeC3">
{{cite web
 | url = http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/faqs/do-i-need-to-be-circumcised/
 | author = Israel b. Betzalel
 | title = Do I need to be Circumcised?
 | access-date = January 3, 2023
 | date = February 10, 2009
 | publisher = JerusalemCouncil.org
 | quote = To convert to the Jewish sect of HaDerech, accepting Yeshua as your King is the first act after one's heart turns toward HaShem and His Torah – as one can not obey a commandment of God if they first do not love God, and we love God by following his Messiah. Without first accepting Yeshua as the King and thus obeying Him, then getting circumcised for the purpose of Jewish conversion only gains you access to the Jewish community. It means nothing when it comes to inheriting a place in the World to Come.... Getting circumcised apart from desiring to be obedient to HaShem, and apart from accepting Yeshua as your King, is nothing but a surgical procedure, or worse, could lead to you believe that Jewish identity grants you a portion in the World to Come – at which point, what good is Messiah Yeshua, the Word of HaShem to you? He would have died for nothing!... As a convert from the nations, part of your obligation in keeping the Covenant, if you are a male, is to get circumcised in fulfillment of the commandment regarding circumcision. Circumcision is not an absolute requirement of being a Covenant member (that is, being made righteous before HaShem, and thus obtaining eternal life), but it is a requirement of obedience to God's commandments, because circumcision is commanded for those who are of the seed of Abraham, whether born into the family, adopted, or converted.... If after reading all of this you understand what circumcision is, and that is an act of obedience, rather than an act of gaining favor before HaShem for the purpose of receiving eternal life, then if you are male believer in Yeshua the Messiah for the redemption from death, the consequence of your sin of rebellion against Him, then pursue circumcision, and thus conversion into Judaism, as an act of obedience to the Messiah.
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806194736/http://jerusalemcouncil.org/articles/faqs/do-i-need-to-be-circumcised/
 | archive-date = August 6, 2010
 | url-status = usurped
}}
</ref>
<ref name="JFJ-WWA">
{{cite web
 |url          = https://jewsforjesus.org/about/who-we-are
 |title        = Who We Are
 |access-date   = 2019-04-03
 |work    = [[Jews for Jesus]]
}}</ref><ref name = "JFJ-MJ">{{cite web
 | url = https://jewsforjesus.org/jewish-resources/community/messianic-jews-a-brief-history/
 | title = Messianic Jews: A Brief History
 | access-date = 2019-04-03
 | work = [[Jews for Jesus]]
| date = 21 July 2014
 }}
</ref>
<ref name = "JIJ">{{cite web
| url = http://jerusaleminstituteofjustice.createsend.com/t/1/e/xtlly/jdlkuuit/
| title = Justice in Israel
| access-date = 2008-04-24
| last = Myers
| first = Calev
| date = April 16, 2008
| publisher = [[Jerusalem Institute of Justice]], and organization supporting the rights of "Israeli Evangelical believers, Messianic Jews and families of mixed (Jewish-Christian) marriages"
| quote = In a landmark decision today, the Supreme Court of Israel ratified a settlement between twelve Messianic Jewish believers and the State of Israel, which states that being a Messianic Jew does not prevent one from receiving citizenship in Israel under the Law of Return or the Law of Citizenship, if one is a descendent of Jews on one's father's side (and thus not Jewish according to halacha). This Supreme Court decision brought an end to a legal battle that has carried on for two and a half years. The applicants were represented by Yuval Grayevsky and [[Calev Myers]] from the offices of Yehuda Raveh & Co., and their legal costs were subsidized by the [[Jerusalem Institute of Justice]]. There is a growing trend, today, to use the term Messianic Believers, which solves the objections of Jews and makes the movement more 'accessible' to Gentiles as well, who make up a significant proportion of those who attend Messianic fellowships. This is important because some fellowships under the heading Messianic Judaism, do not actually have any Jews as members and the title does not, therefore, reflect the reality on the ground.
}}
</ref>
<ref name="JList1">
* {{harvnb|Ariel|1996|p=212}}
* {{harvnb|Ariel|2005|p=343}}
* {{harvnb|Neusner|2000|pp=3{{ndash}}4}}
* {{harvnb|Schoen|2004|p=11|ps=: Jews do not believe, therefore, that the Messiah has come, and they do not recognize Jesus as their savior or as the Son of God.}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/jewish-view-of-jesus-2076763 |title=Man or Messiah: The Role of Jesus in Judaism |last=Pelaia |first=Ariela |date=February 15, 2019 |website=Learn Religions |publisher=[[Dotdash Meredith]] |access-date=January 2, 2023 |quote=Jews do not believe that Jesus was divine or the "son of God," or the Messiah prophesied in Jewish scripture. He is seen as a "false messiah," meaning someone who claimed (or whose followers claimed for him) the mantle of the Messiah but who ultimately did not meet the requirements laid out in Jewish belief.|ref=none}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.messiahtruth.com/response.html |title=Messianic Judaism: A Christian Missionary Movement |access-date=2007-02-14 |publisher=Messiah Truth Project |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212032237/http://www.messiahtruth.com/response.html |archive-date=2007-02-12 }}
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.jcrcny.org/pdf/sdpp/MEETINGTHECHALLENG2.pdf
 |title=Meeting the Challenge: Hebrew Christians and the Jewish Community
 |access-date=2007-02-14
 |last=Schiffman
 |first=Lawrence H.
 |author-link=Lawrence Schiffman
 |year=1993
 |publisher=Jewish Community Relations Council of New York
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107233420/http://www.jcrcny.org/pdf/sdpp/MEETINGTHECHALLENG2.pdf
 |archive-date=November 7, 2006
 |quote=Though Hebrew Christianity claims to be a form of Judaism, it is not. It is nothing more than a disguised effort to missionize Jews and convert them to Christianity. It deceptively uses the sacred symbols of Jewish observance ... as a cover to convert Jews to Christianity, a belief system antithetical to Judaism.... Hebrew Christianity is not a form of Judaism and its members, even if they are of Jewish birth, cannot be considered members of the Jewish community. Hebrew Christians are in radical conflict with the communal interests and the destiny of the Jewish people. They have crossed an unbreachable chasm by accepting another religion. Despite this separation, they continue to attempt to convert their former coreligionists.
 |ref=none
}}
*{{harvnb|Balmer|2004|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Vjwly0QyeU4C&dq=Encyclopedia+of+evangelicalism&pg=PA448 448–449]|ps=: "Messianic Jewish organizations, such as Jews for Jesus, often refer to their faith as fulfilled Judaism, in that they believe Jesus fulfilled the Messianic prophecies. Although Messianic Judaism claims to be Jewish, and many adherents observe Jewish holidays, most Jews regard Messianic Judaism as deceptive at best, fraudulent at worst. They charge that Messianic Judaism is actually Christianity presenting itself as Judaism. Jewish groups are particularly distressed at the aggressive evangelistic attempts on the part of Messianic Jews."}}
</ref>
<ref name="JPost2008">{{cite news
| last         = Wagner
| first        = Matthew
| date         = September 23, 2008
| title        = US report: Rise in violence against Messianic Jews and Christians
| url          = https://www.jpost.com/International/US-report-Rise-in-violence-against-Messianic-Jews-and-Christians
| work         = [[The Jerusalem Post]]
| access-date  = 2019-04-03
}}</ref>
<ref name = "JUC">
{{cite web
 |url=https://www.jewish-university.org/
 |title=Jewish University of Colorado
 |author=<!--Not stated-->
 |date=2022
 |access-date=January 2, 2023
}}
</ref>

<!-- K -->
<ref name = "Kerstetter">{{cite web
| url         = http://www.mikvehyisrael.com/trinityone.html
| title       = Who Do You Say That I Am? An introduction to the true Messiah from a non-Trinitarian view.
| first       = Adam Yisroel
| last        = Kerstetter
| year        = 2007
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080330233053/http://www.mikvehyisrael.com/trinityone.html
| archive-date=March 30, 2008| access-date  = August 11, 2010
| url-status  = usurped
| quote       = The material presented below has been researched to great lengths and is based totally on the Scriptures. I have examined both sides of the subject and can assure you that I have no ax to grind, but have found that the information on the Trinity is without any foundation, nor is it supported by the language of the Scripture. Let me state that I believe in our Heavenly Father and in his Son Y'shua (Jesus) and that the Father sent Y'shua to be a way back to Him and a means for our salvation, but I do not believe the Scripture supports the idea of the Moshiach (Messiah) being G-d of very G-d. When wrong ideas of the Mashiach are espoused they put us on the course of misinterpretations and a misconception of who our Mashiach and his Heavenly Father are. These misconceptions and misinterpretations lead us further away from the truth and ultimately further away from the Father who is the only true G-d.
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "King2009">{{cite web
| url         = http://www.christianbook.com/chuck-king/the-feast-of-tabernacles/pd/CD40257
| title       = The Feast of Tabernacles CD
| year        = 2009
| website     = Christianbook.com
| publisher   = [[Christian Book Distributors]]
| access-date = September 11, 2015
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Kinzer2005">
{{harvnb|Kinzer|2005|p=286|ps=: "The cultural ferment of the 1960s threw Hebrew Christians in America and their institutions into the same turmoil that characterized the rest of American society. Three factors played an especially important part in turning their world upside down: a social movement (i.e., the youth counterculture), a cultural trend (i.e., ethnic self-assertion and pride), and a political-military event (i.e., the Six-Day War)."}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Kinzer2010">
{{harvnb|Kinzer|2010|ps=: Paul likely uses the term ''Kyrios'' here as a Greek substitute for both the tetragram- maton and the Hebrew word ''Adonai'' ("My lord"), which in Jewish practice acts as its surrogate. In this way he builds upon the most fundamental biblical confession of faith, the ''Shema'', highlighting the two primary divine names (''Theos/Elohim'' and ''Kyrios/Adonai'') and the word 'one'. Paul thus expands the ''Shema'' to include Yeshua within a differentiated but singular deity. The nicene Creed adopts Paul's language ('one God, the Father…one Lord, Yeshua the Messiah…'), and thereby affirms its own continuity with the ''Shema''. Paul's short confession is a Yeshua-faith interpretation of the ''Shema'', and the nicene Creed is an expanded interpretation of Paul's confession.
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Kinzer2018">
{{harvnb|Kinzer|2018|ps=:  At the end, God will make Yeshua known to his brethren and to all of creation, not only as temple, priest, and sacrifice, but as Messianic King, the eschatological ruler of Israel and the nations. At that point the New Covenant will be realized in its final and definitive form.}}
</ref>
<!-- L -->
<ref name="Lamb2014">{{cite web
| url         = http://www.lambmessianicmusic.com/lamb_03_history_mn.html
| title         = History of Lamb
| year         = 2014
| website         = Lamb Messianic Music
| publisher         = Messianic Records, Inc.
| access-date         = September 11, 2015
| url-status         = dead
| archive-url         = https://web.archive.org/web/20160212060335/http://lambmessianicmusic.com/lamb_03_history_mn.html
| archive-date         = February 12, 2016
}}
</ref>
<ref name="LevH">{{cite web
 |url=https://www.levhashem.org/we-believe/
 |title=Doctrinal Statement
 |work=Lev HaShem Messianic Jewish Synagogue
 |access-date=2019-04-03
 |archive-date=2019-04-03
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403185329/https://www.levhashem.org/we-believe/
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>
<ref name = "Lotker">
{{harvnb|Lotker|2004|p=35|ps=: "It should now be clear to you why Jews have such a problem with 'Jews for Jesus' or other presentations of Messianic Judaism. I have no difficulty with Christianity. I even accept those Christians who would want me to convert to Christianity so long as they don't use coercion or duplicity and are willing to listen in good faith to my reasons for being Jewish. I do have a major problem with those Christians who would try to mislead me and other Jews into believing that one can be both Jewish and Christian.}}
</ref>
<!-- M -->
<ref name = "Melton2005">{{harvnb|Melton|2005|p=373|ps=: "Messianic Judaism is a Protestant movement that emerged in the last half of the 20th century among believers who were ethnically Jewish but had adopted an Evangelical Christian faith.…By the 1960s, a new effort to create a culturally Jewish Protestant Christianity emerged among individuals who began to call themselves Messianic Jews.}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Mitchell2009">{{cite news
| last         = Mitchell
| first        = Chris
| date         = December 24, 2009
| title        = Ortiz Case Cornerstone for Israeli Messianic Jews
| url          = https://www1.cbn.com/jerusalemdateline/archive/2009/12/24/ortiz-case-cornerstone-for-israeli-messianic-jews
| work         = [[Christian Broadcasting Network|CBN News]]
| access-date  = 2019-04-03
}}
</ref>
<ref name="MJRC">{{cite web
 |url=https://ourrabbis.org/main/faqs-mainmenu-25
 |title=FAQs
 |access-date=2019-04-03
 |quote=The MJRC is a growing community of ordained Messianic Jewish rabbis committed to the exciting concept of a Messianic Judaism which is both faithful to the teachings, example and person of Messiah Yeshua and to deep connection with the larger Jewish community. This connection demands our giving serious attention to Torah as practiced through the march of Jewish history. MJRC Rabbis endeavor to develop standards of Messianic Jewish practice so that our congregations worldwide can grow together as life-giving communities, filled with the Ruach and the joy of Jewish life renewed in Yeshua.
}}</ref>
<ref name = "MJRC2">{{cite web
| url = http://ourrabbis.org/main/halakhah-mainmenu-26/halakhic-introduction/halakhic-apprach
| title = Halakhic Approach 
| author       = <!--Not stated-->
| date         = n.d.
| website      = Messianic Jewish Rabbinical Council
| access-date  = March 28, 2023
| quote = Our approach to halakhic decision-making is based on a recognition of the paramount importance and authority of Scripture (i.e., the Tanakh and the Apostolic Writings) in the development of Halakhah....As Messianic Jews, we affirm the special precedence given to scriptural law in traditional Halakhah, while likewise affirming the scriptural character of the Apostolic Writings (i.e., the New Testament) and the unique ways in which they contribute to halakhic development....In addressing matters of Halakhah, Scripture always has the highest halakhic authority and sanctity. Thus, when traditional Judaism distinguishes between laws that are [[D'Oraita and D'Rabbanan|d'oraita]]  (i.e., ordained by the Tanakh) and those that are [[D'Oraita and D'Rabbanan|d'rabbanan]] (i.e., established by rabbinic authority), precedence is always given to those that are d'oraita.
}}
</ref>
<ref name = MJRC_Holidays>{{cite web
| url          = http://www.ourrabbis.org/main/halakhah-mainmenu-26/community-practices/holidays-mainmenu-33
| title        = Holidays
| author       = <!--Not stated-->
| date         = n.d.
| website      = Messianic Jewish Rabbinical Council
| access-date  = March 28, 2023
}}
</ref>
<ref name = MJRC_Kashrut>{{cite web
| url          = http://www.ourrabbis.org/main/halakhah-mainmenu-26/kashrut-mainmenu-34
| title        = Kashrut
| author       = <!--Not stated-->
| date         = n.d.
| website      = Messianic Jewish Rabbinical Council
| access-date  = March 28, 2023
}}
</ref>
<ref name = MJRC_Status>{{cite web
| url         = http://ourrabbis.org/main/halakhah-mainmenu-26/issues-of-status
| title       = Issues of Status
| author      = <!--Not stated-->
| date        = n.d.
| website     = Messianic Jewish Rabbinical Council
| access-date = March 28, 2023
| quote       = Following the consensus of Jewish tradition, we recognize as a Jew anyone who is born of a Jewish mother or who is a convert to Judaism. We also recognize as a Jew anyone who is born of a Jewish father and a non-Jewish mother if that person has undertaken public and formal acts of identification with the Jewish faith and people. In 1947 the Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR) of the Reform movement...
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "MJO">{{cite web
| url = http://www.messianicjewishonline.com/article1022.html
| title = Who Is A Jew? Messianic Style
| access-date = 2007-08-23
| year = 2007
| work = Chaia Kravitz
| publisher = MessianicJewishOnline.com
| quote = In Messianic Judaism, children are generally regarded as being Jewish with one Jewish parent. Since we are one in Messiah, both Jew and Gentile, there is not sharp division between the two groups. Therefore, if a Gentile has a heart for Israel and God's Torah, as well as being a Believer in Yeshua, and this person marries a Jewish Believer, it is not considered an "intermarriage" in the same way Rabbinic Judaism sees it, since both partners are on the same spiritual plane. Children born from this union are part of God's Chosen, just like the Gentile parent who has been grafted into the vine of Israel through His grace.
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070811053053/http://www.messianicjewishonline.com/article1022.html |archive-date = August 11, 2007}}
</ref>

<ref name = Moscrop>
{{harvnb|Moscrop|2000|p=15|ps=: ...the perspective of the Holy Land the most important of these societies was the London Jews' Society. Founded in 1809 during the high point of evangelical endeavour, the London Jews' Society was the work of Joseph Samuel Frederick Frey...}}
</ref>
<!-- N-->
<ref name="NBC103018">{{cite news
 |last1=Siemaszko
 |first1=Corky
 |title=Jews assail 'Christian rabbi' who appeared with Pence, and so does his own movement
 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/jews-assail-so-called-christian-rabbi-who-appeared-pence-so-n926406
 |access-date=2019-04-03
 |work=[[NBC News]]
 |date=October 30, 2018
 |quote=The "Messianic rabbi" who outraged many Jews by invoking the name of Jesus while delivering a prayer in memory of the Pittsburgh synagogue massacre victims was also spurned Tuesday by the organization that ordained him. Loren Jacobs, who was invited onstage by Vice President Mike Pence to speak at a rally in Michigan for a GOP congressional candidate, was defrocked 15 years ago, according to a spokeswoman for the Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations. 'Loren Jacobs was stripped of his rabbinic ordination by the UMJC in 2003, after our judicial board found him guilty of libel,' Monique Brumbach said in an email. Brumbach did not say who Jacobs allegedly libeled, but it appears from his synagogue website he was involved in a theological battle with other leaders of the group, which believes that Jesus is the son of God — a belief that is anathema to the vast majority of the world's Jews. Jacobs seemed to be concerned that the group was insufficiently conservative on doctrinal matters. Meanwhile, mainstream Jewish leaders and experts on the faith said they could not fathom why GOP congressional candidate Lena Epstein, herself a longtime member of a Detroit–area synagogue, invited Jacobs at all to her rally Tuesday because in their eyes he's not even a real Jew, let alone a rabbi. 'We don't even recognize him as a rabbi,' Rabbi Marla Hornsten, past president of the Michigan Board of Rabbis, told NBC News. 'Even to call him a rabbi is offensive.'
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Nerel">
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.imja.com/Gershon2.html
 |title=Symbols used by Messianic Judaism in Israel Today
 |last=Nerel
 |first=Gershon
 |year=2001 
 |publisher=International Messianic Jewish Alliance
 |access-date=January 2, 2023
 |url-status=usurped
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607022921/http://www.imja.com/Gershon2.html
 |archive-date=June 7, 2008
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "New York Times - 1989">{{Cite news
 | title = Israeli Court Rules Jews for Jesus Cannot Automatically Be Citizens
 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/27/world/israeli-court-rules-jews-for-jesus-cannot-automatically-be-citizens.html
 | agency = [[Associated Press]]
 | newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
 | date = December 27, 1989
 | access-date = August 13, 2010
 | quote = Messianic Jews are not entitled to automatic Israeli citizenship, Israel's Supreme Court has ruled, concluding that their belief that Jesus was the Messiah makes them Christians instead of Jews. The ruling, published in Israeli newspapers today, supported Orthodox religious interpretations of the state's 1950 Law of Return. The law forms the basis of Jewish immigration to Israel. The law and its subsequent amendments define a Jew as a person born to a Jewish mother or who converts to Judaism and professes no other faith. Orthodox politicians have long sought a more precise definition, and the court's Christmas Day ruling has resolved one issue. The 100-page decision said that belief in Jesus made one a member of another faith and ineligible for automatic Israeli citizenship, The Jerusalem Post, Hadashot and Yediot Ahronot reported.... "Messianic Jews attempt to reverse the wheels of history by 2,000 years," Justice Elon wrote in a passage quoted by the Israeli newspapers. "But the Jewish people has decided during the 2,000 years of its history" that Messianic Jews "do not belong to the Jewish nation and have no right to force themselves on it. Those who believe in Jesus are, in fact, Christians."
}}
</ref>
<ref name=NYT18851012>{{cite news
 |author=<!--not stated-->
 |date=October 12, 1885
 |title=The Only One In America; A Hebrew-Christian Church Dedicated Yesterday.
 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1885/10/12/archives/the-only-one-in-america-a-hebrewchristian-church-dedicated.html
 |url-status=bot: unknown
 |work=[[The New York Times]]
 |page=2
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102135834/https://www.nytimes.com/1885/10/12/archives/the-only-one-in-america-a-hebrewchristian-church-dedicated.html
 |archive-date=January 2, 2023
 |access-date=January 2, 2023
 |url-access=subscription
 }}</ref>
<!-- O -->
<ref name="OhrSomayach">
{{cite web
| url         = http://ohr.edu/ask/ask00j.htm
| title       = Why Jews Don't Believe in Jesus
| year        = 2000
| work        = Ask the Rabbi
| publisher   = [[Ohr Somayach, Jerusalem|Ohr Somayach]]
| location    = [[Jerusalem]]
| access-date  = January 2, 2023
| quote = The Christian idea of a trinity contradicts the most basic tenet of Judaism – that G-d is One. Jews have declared their belief in a single unified G-d twice daily ever since the giving of the Torah at Sinai – almost two thousand years before Christianity. The trinity suggests a three part deity: The Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost (Matthew 28:19). In Jewish law, worship of a three-part god is considered idolatry; one of the three cardinal sins for which a person should rather give up his life than transgress. The idea of the trinity is absolutely incompatible with Judaism.
}}
</ref>
<!-- P -->
<ref name="Pearce2015">{{cite web
| url         = http://www.tedpearce.com/bio
| title         = Bio
| year         = 2014
| website         = Ted Pearce
| access-date         = September 11, 2015
| url-status         = dead
| archive-url         = https://web.archive.org/web/20150507083411/http://tedpearce.com/bio
| archive-date         = May 7, 2015
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Posner2012">{{cite journal
| last       = Posner
| first      = Sarah
| date       = November 29, 2012
| title      = Kosher Jesus: Messianic Jews in the Holy Land
| url        = https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/11/kosher-jesus-messianic-jews-in-the-holy-land/265670/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201125656/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/11/kosher-jesus-messianic-jews-in-the-holy-land/265670/ |archive-date=December 1, 2012
| journal    = [[The Atlantic]]
| access-date= September 10, 2015
}}
</ref>
<!-- R -->
<ref name = "RabbiYeshuaRab">{{cite web
| url = http://rabbiyeshua.com/articles/2001/mcongregation2.html
| title = So, What Exactly is a Messianic Congregation?
| access-date = 2007-02-20
| year = 2001
| work = RabbiYeshua.com
| publisher = Kehilat Sar Shalom
| quote = When we begin to study and observe Torah to become like Messiah, there are pitfalls we must avoid. One such pitfall is the study of Mishnah and Talmud (Rabbinic traditional Law). There are many people and congregations that place a great emphasis on rabbinic legal works, such as the Mishnah and the Talmud in search of their Hebrew roots. People are looking to the rabbis for answers on how to keep God's commands, but if one looks into the Mishnah and does what it says, he or she is not a follower of the Messiah. Or, if one looks into the Talmud and does what it says, he or she is not a follower of the Messiah – he or she is a follower of the rabbis because Rabbi Yeshua, the Messiah, is not quoted there.... Rabbinic Judaism is not Messianic Judaism. Rabbinic Judaism is not founded in Messiah. Rabbinic Judaism, for the most part, is founded in the yeast – the teachings of the Pharisees. Yeshua's teachings and the discipleship that He brought His students through was not Rabbinic Judaism. There is a real danger in Rabbinics. There is a real danger in Mishnah and Talmud. No one involved in Rabbinics has ever come out on the other side more righteous than when he or she entered. He or she may look "holier than thou" – but they do not have the life changing experience clearly represented in the lives of the believers of the Messianic communities of the first century.
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927080119/http://rabbiyeshua.com/articles/2001/mcongregation2.html
| archive-date = 2007-09-27
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
<ref name="Rein">{{cite web
 |url=https://www.messianicjews.info/general/faq.html
 |title=Frequently Asked Questions
 |access-date=2019-04-03
 |last=Reinckens
 |first=Rick
 |year=2002
 |website=MessianicJews.info
 |archive-date=2019-02-17
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217110445/http://www.messianicjews.info/general/faq.html
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>
<!-- S -->

<ref name = Schwartz1870>
{{cite magazine
| last1                 = Schwartz
| first1                = Carl
| author-link1          = Carl Schwartz
| year                  = 1870
| title                 = An Answer to Friends and Foes
| url                   = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044098907983;view=1up;seq=24
| magazine              = The Scattered Nation
| location              = [[London]]
| issue                 = V
| page                  = 16
| access-date           = January 3, 2023
| quote                 = What does the Hebrew-Christian Alliance signify? is asked by well-wishers and opponents. True, its objects have been clearly stated.... Let me try briefly to state the nature and objects of the Hebrew-Christian Alliance.
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Singer_Blade">{{Cite news
 | title = Rabbi says Messianic Jews are Christians in disguise
 | first = David
 | last = Yonke
 | url = https://www.toledoblade.com/Religion/2006/02/11/Rabbi-says-Messianic-Jews-are-Christians-in-disguise.html
 | newspaper = [[The Blade (Toledo)|The Blade]]
 | location = [[Toledo, Ohio]]
 | date = February 11, 2006
 | access-date =2019-04-03
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Spector2008">
{{harvnb|Spector|2008|p=116}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Stemberger">{{Cite book
|last=Stemberger
|first=Günter
|title=Jews and Christians in the Holy Land: Palestine in the Fourth Century
|year=2000
|publisher=Continuum
|isbn=978-0-567-08699-0
|page=81
}}
</ref>
<!-- T -->
<ref name = "Time-IMJUA">{{Cite magazine
| last        = McGirk
| first       = Tim
| date        = June 6, 2008
| title       = Israel's Messianic Jews Under Attack
| magazine    = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
| location    = [[Ariel (settlement)|Ariel]]
| url         = https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1812430,00.html
| access-date  = January 2, 2023
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "TMJ">
{{harvnb|TMJ|1910|p=2}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Tokajer">{{cite web
| url         = http://messianicdailynews.com/showarticle.shtml?&file=12122008-1408.html
| title       = Messianic Jew Barred from Serving as Jewish Chaplain by US Navy.
| first       = Eric
| last        = Tokajer
| date        = December 29, 2008
| publisher   = Messianic Daily News
| location    = [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]], Florida
| access-date  = August 10, 2010
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090526164831/http://messianicdailynews.com/showarticle.shtml?&file=12122008-1408.html
| archive-date = May 26, 2009
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "TYW">{{cite web
| url         = http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=27582
| title       = US Navy Tells Messianic Jewish Chaplain He Must Wear Cross
| date        = December 23, 2008
| publisher   = The Yeshiva World News
| access-date  = August 10, 2010
}}
</ref>
<!-- U -->
-->
<ref name = "UMJC_StatementOfFaith">{{cite web
 | url = http://www.umjc.org/statement-of-faith/
 | title = Statement of Faith
 | access-date = September 10, 2015
 | date=July 19, 2012
 | publisher = [[Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations]]
 | quote = There is one God, who has revealed Himself as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Every divine action in the world is accomplished by the Father working through the Son and in the power of the Spirit. This God has revealed Himself in creation and in the history of Israel as transmitted in Scripture.…In the fullness of time, the Divine Son became a human being—Yeshua the Messiah, born of a Jewish virgin, a true and perfect Israelite, a fitting representative and one-man embodiment of the entire nation. He lived as a holy tzaddik, fulfilling without blemish the mitzvot of the Torah. He brings to perfection the human expression of the divine image.…Yeshua died as an atonement for the sins of Israel and of the entire world. He was raised bodily from the dead, as the firstfruits of the resurrection promised to Israel as its glorification. He ascended to heaven and was there enthroned at God's right hand as Israel's Messiah, with authority extending to the ends of creation.…Forgiveness of sins, spiritual renewal, union with Messiah, the empowering and sanctifying presence of the indwelling Ruach Ha Kodesh, and the confident hope of eternal life and a glorious resurrection are now available to all, Jews and Gentiles, who put their faith in Yeshua, the Risen Lord, and in obedience to His word are joined to Him and His Body through immersion and sustained in that union through Messiah's remembrance meal. Yeshua is the Mediator between God and all creation, and no one can come to the Father except through Him.…Messiah Yeshua will return to Jerusalem in glory at the end of this age, to rule forever on David's throne. He will effect the restoration of Israel in fullness, raise the dead, save all who belong to Him, judge the wicked not written in the Book of Life who are separated from His presence, and accomplish the final Tikkun Olam in which Israel and the nations will be united under Messiah's rule forever.…The writings of Tanakh and Brit Hadasha are divinely inspired and fully trustworthy (true), a gift given by God to His people, provided to impart life and to form, nurture, and guide them in the ways of truth. They are of supreme and final authority in all matters of faith and practice.
}}
</ref>
<!-- W -->
<ref name="Wagner2008">
{{cite news
 |url         = https://www.jpost.com/Israel/Messianic-Jews-to-protest-discrimination
 |title       = Messianic Jews to protest 'discrimination'
 |access-date = March 22, 2023
 |last        = Wagner
 |first       = Matthew
 |date        = June 26, 2008
 |newspaper   = [[The Jerusalem Post]]
 |quote       = Since then the Supreme Court has ruled that Messianic Jews whose mothers are Jewish can be denied Israeli citizenship. In contrast, those who are Jewish solely through their fathers cannot be denied citizenship. This is based on an interpretation of a 1970 amendment to the Law of Return.
}}
</ref>

<ref name = "WP103018" >{{cite news
| last         = Stanley-Becker
| first        = Isaac
| date         = October 30, 2018
| title        = Honoring Pittsburgh synagogue victims, Pence appears with 'rabbi' who preaches 'Jesus is the Messiah'
| url          = https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2018/10/30/honoring-pittsburgh-synagogue-victims-mike-pence-appears-with-rabbi-who-preaches-jesus-is-messiah/
| newspaper         = [[The Washington Post]]
| access-date  = 2019-04-03
| quote        = But the man who shared a stage with Pence, Loren Jacobs, preaches Messianic Judaism, a tradition central to Jews for Jesus, a group condemned by Jewish leaders as faux Judaism that seeks to promote Christian evangelism. The major Jewish denominations join the state of Israel in viewing followers of Messianic Judaism as Christian, not Jewish.
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Worshill2008">
{{cite web
 | url         = http://www.sbmessianic.net/liturgy1.shtml
 | title       = Why Messianic Jews Use Liturgy During Their Worship Services
 | first       = Ric
 | last        = Worshill
 | year        = 2008
 | publisher   = Southern Baptist Messianic Fellowship
 | access-date  = 2019-04-03
}}
</ref>

<!-- X -->
<!-- Y -->
<ref name="Yeoman">{{cite web
 |url=https://www.jta.org/2007/11/15/united-states/evangelical-movement-on-the-rise
 |title=Evangelical movement on the rise
 |first=Barry
 |last=Yeoman
 |date=November 15, 2007
 |publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]
 |access-date=January 2, 2023
}}
</ref>
<!-- Closing tag for Ref list-->
}}