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====Childhood and professional activities==== Louis-Joseph Antoine was born on 7 June 1846 in [[Mons-Crotteux]], [[Belgium]] at a place called "In the Chapel",<ref name="Debouxhtay41">[[#Debouxhtay2|Debouxhtay, 1934]], p. 41.</ref> the youngest of a large family,<ref name="Debouxhtay41"/><ref>[[#Vivier|Vivier, 1989]], p. 19</ref> which belonged to the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>[[#Vivier|Vivier, 1989]], p. 9.</ref> His mother was Catherine Castille, born in 1797. He was raised in the Priesse street and attended primary school in Mons.<ref name="Lallemand45">[[#Lallemand|Lallemand, 1994]], p. 45.</ref> From the age of twelve, Louis was employed as a coal miner, following in the footsteps of his father.<ref>[[#Vivier|Vivier, 1989]], p. 24.</ref> One day, while working at the mine, his lamp went out without apparent reason, which he interpreted as a divine sign that he should abandon this work.<ref>[[#Vivier|Vivier, 1989]], pp. 30,31.</ref> He worked for two years in the mine,<ref name="Debouxhtay43">[[#Debouxhtay2|Debouxhtay, 1934]], p. 43.</ref> then was a [[steelworker]] in the Cockerill factory in Seraing.<ref>[[#Dericquebourg|Dericquebourg, 1993]], p. 11.</ref> He was enrolled in the [[militia]] of Belgium in 1866, and filled his military obligations in [[Bruges]].<ref name="Lallemand45"/> During the [[Franco-Prussian War]], he accidentally killed a comrade; although there was no legal action, this event led him to question the meaning of life.<ref>[[#Debouxhtay2|Debouxhtay, 1934]], p. 47.</ref> After marrying Jeanne Catherine Collon on 15 April 1873,<ref>[[#Vivier|Vivier, 1989]], p. 108.</ref> while he was a hammerer,<ref name="Debouxhtay43"/> he became the father of a son, Louis Martin Joseph, born in Hamborn, [[Prussia]] on 23 September 1873, and baptized five days later in the Catholic Church of St. John.<ref name="Debouxhtay48">[[#Debouxhtay2|Debouxhtay, 1934]], p. 48.</ref><ref>[[#Vivier|Vivier, 1989]], p. 112,113.</ref> Then the family went to Belgium in August 1876,<ref name="Lallemand45"/> where Antoine bought a horse and became a vegetable vendor.<ref name="Debouxhtay48"/><ref>[[#Vivier|Vivier, 1989]], p. 122.</ref> In 1878, he began to suffer from recurring [[stomach aches]].<ref>[[#Begot|Bégot, 1997]], § 7.</ref> In February 1879, he returned to Poland where he was hired as hammerer chief by Mr. Pastor in the Pragua steelworks;<ref name="Debouxhtay49">[[#Debouxhtay2|Debouxhtay, 1934]], p. 49.</ref> there his wife ran a school canteen.<ref name="Lallemand45"/> Five years later,<ref name="Debouxhtay57">[[# Debouxhtay2|Debouxhtay, 1934]], p. 57.</ref> the family moved to [[Jemeppe-sur-Meuse]] (Belgium),<ref name="Deric13">[[#Dericquebourg|Dericquebourg, 1993]], p. 13.</ref> where he built twenty houses for workers.<ref name="Lallemand46">[[#Lallemand|Lallemand, 1994]], p. 46.</ref> On 5 February 1886, Antoine was sentenced to a fine of two francs on the grounds of physical violence on Denis Collon on 10 October 1885. Until 1900, he was a portier and a collector of Lexhy factory.<ref>[[#Debouxhtay2|Debouxhtay, 1934]], p. 50.</ref>
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