Editing Oneness Pentecostalism (section)

===Holiness standards===
Many Oneness Pentecostal groups emphasize holiness standards in dress, grooming, and conduct. This is a teaching similar to traditional Holiness Pentecostals but distinct from other Finished Work Pentecostals.<ref name="Synan1975" />

====Historical development====
{{main|Outward holiness#History}}

The doctrine of [[outward holiness]] originated in [[Methodism]]. The early Methodists wore [[plain dress]], with Methodist clergy condemning "high headdresses, ruffles, laces, gold, and 'costly apparel' in general".<ref name="Lyerly1998">{{cite book|last=Lyerly|first=Cynthia Lynn|title=Methodism and the Southern Mind, 1770-1810|date=24 September 1998|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|language=en|isbn=9780195354249|page=39}}</ref> [[John Wesley]], the founder of the Methodist movement, recommended that Methodists read his thoughts ''On Dress'', in which he detailed acceptable types and colors of fabrics, in addition to "shapes and sizes of hats, coats, sleeves, and hairstyles".<ref>Journals of Wesley, Nehemiah Curnock, ed., London: Epworth Press 1938, p. 468.</ref> In that sermon, John Wesley expressed his desire for Methodists: "Let me see, before I die, a Methodist congregation, full as plain dressed as a Quaker congregation."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-sermons-of-john-wesley-1872-edition/sermon-88-on-dress/|title=The Wesley Center Online: Sermon 88 - On Dress|last=Wesley|first=John|year=1999|publisher=Wesley Center for Applied Theology|language=en|access-date=19 June 2017}}</ref> He also taught, with respect to [[Christian headcovering]], that women, "especially in a religious assembly", should "keep on her veil".<ref>{{cite book|last=Wesley |first=John |title=Wesley's Notes on the Bible|publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|language=en|isbn=9781610252577|page=570|quote=Therefore if a woman is not covered — If she will throw off the badge of subjection, let her appear with her hair cut like a man's. But if it be shameful far a woman to appear thus in public, especially in a religious assembly, let her, for the same reason, keep on her veil.|year=1987 }}</ref><ref name="Dunlap1994">{{cite web |last1=Dunlap |first1=David |title=Headcovering-A Historical Perspective |url=http://www.uplook.org/1994/11/headcovering-a-historical-perspective/ |publisher=Uplook Ministries |access-date=24 June 2019 |language=en |date=1 November 1994 |quote=Although women were allowed to preach in the Methodist ministry, the veil covering a woman’s head was required as a sign of her headship to Christ. Concerning the theological significance of the veil, Wesley wrote, “For a man indeed ought not to veil his head because he is the image and glory of God in the dominion he bears over the creation, representing the supreme dominion of God, which is his glory. But the woman is a matter of glory to the man, who has a becoming dominion over her. Therefore she ought not to appear except with her head veiled as a tacit acknowledgement of it.”}}</ref>

This Methodist doctrine continues to be taught (in varying degrees) in conservative Methodist denominations aligned with the [[holiness movement]], such as the [[Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches]] and the [[Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection]]. The 1858 Wesleyan Methodist [[Book of Discipline]] stated,
{{Blockquote|We would not only enjoin on all who fear God plain dress, but we would recommend to our preachers and people, according to Mr. Wesley's views expressed in his sermon on the inefficiency of Christianity, published but a few years before his death, and containing his matured judgment, distinguishing plainness—''Plainness'' which will publicly comment them to the maintenance of their Christian profession wherever they may be.<ref name="America1858">{{cite book|title=The Discipline of the Wesleyan Methodist Connection, of America|year=1858|publisher=Wesleyan Methodist Connection of America|language=en |page=85}}</ref>}}
The teaching of Methodists aligned with that the holiness movement, where outward holiness is a testimony of a Christian believer's [[Regeneration (theology)|regeneration]], done in obedience to God.<ref name="Thornton2008">{{cite book | last1=Thornton | first1=Wallace Jr. |title=Behavioral Standards, Embourgeoisement, and the Formation of the Conservative Holiness Movement |date=2008 |publisher=Wesleyan Theological Society |pages=187–193 |language=English}}</ref> This teaching was inherited by [[Holiness Pentecostalism]] at its inception, incorporating this Wesleyan theology alongside Holiness Pentecostal's insistence on a [[third work of grace]].<ref name="Fudge2003">{{cite book |last1=Fudge |first1=Thomas A. |title=Christianity Without the Cross: A History of Salvation in Oneness Pentecostalism |date=2003 |publisher=Universal-Publishers |isbn=978-1-58112-584-9 |pages=14–16|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Goss |first1=Ethel E. |year=1977 |title=The Winds of God: The Story of the Early Pentecostal Movement (1901-1914) in the Life of Howard A. Goss |publisher=Word Aflame |isbn=978-0-912315-26-3 }}{{page needed|date=September 2017}}</ref>

Though the Finished Work Pentecostalism movement rejected the Wesleyan and Holiness Pentecostal doctrine of entire sanctification as an instantaneous, definite second work of grace, many early denominations maintained similar standards for their members. After World War II, however, these standards began to fade as they allowed for greater individual choice.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Holm |first1=Randall |editor1-last=Riggs |editor1-first=Thomas |title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices |date=2015 |publisher=Gale |pages=278–286 |edition=2 |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&u=lom_umichanna&id=GALE%7CCX3602600033&v=2.1&it=r&sid=bookmark-GVRL&asid=09578ac1 |access-date=7 May 2025 |chapter=Christianity: Pentecostalism}}</ref> Despite this, Oneness Pentecostals have continued to retain the original Holiness Pentecostal practice of holiness standards.<ref name="Anderson2004"/><ref name="2012Stewart"/><ref name="Demarest2006"/>

====Teachings====
Oneness Pentecostals believe that a Christian's lifestyle should be characterized by [[sanctity|holiness]], which they view as both a result of salvation and as essential for ongoing spiritual growth.<ref name=fp123-4/> According to their theology, holiness begins at baptism, when the [[blood of Christ]] is believed to wash away all [[sin]], enabling the believer to stand before God as spiritually clean for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bernard |first1=David K. |title=Biblical Holiness |url=https://www.apostolic.edu/biblical-holiness/ |website=Apostolic Information Service |publisher=[[Indiana Bible College]] |access-date=26 February 2025 |date=27 September 2009}}</ref> From that point onward, a lifestyle of separation from worldly behaviors and values is considered essential.<ref name="Bernard 1988 Holiness and Christian Living">{{cite book |chapter=Holiness and Christian Living |first=David |last=Bernard |title=A Handbook of Basic Doctrines |publisher=Word Aflame |year=1988 |pages=61–100 }}</ref>

They distinguish between inward, or moral, and outward, or practical, holiness. Moral holiness refers to righteous living, enabled by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. Practical holiness involves adherence to specific behavioral standards, which often include guidelines for dress, entertainment, and personal conduct.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bernard |first1=David K. |title=The Theology of Holiness |url=https://www.apostolic.edu/the-theology-of-holiness/ |website=Apostolic Information Service |publisher=[[Indiana Bible College]] |access-date=26 February 2025 |date=27 September 2009}}</ref> Modesty in dress is emphasized as a biblical command as part of outward holiness, rooted in scriptures such as 1 Timothy 2:9 ("that women adorn themselves in modest apparel") and Philippians 4:5 ("Let your moderation be known unto all men").<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bernard |first1=David K. |title=Scriptural Teaching on Adornment and Dress |url=https://www.apostolic.edu/scriptural-teaching-on-adornment-and-dress-entire/ |website=Apostolic Information Service |publisher=[[Indiana Bible College]] |access-date=26 February 2025 |date=26 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bernard |first1=David |last2=Bernard |first2=Loretta |author1-link=David K. Bernard |title=In Search of Holiness |date=1981 |publisher=Word Aflame Press |isbn=0912315407 |page=38 |chapter=The Christian Life}}</ref> In response to contemporary fashion trends, many Oneness Pentecostal organizations have established explicit dress codes. These often reflect standards of the early 20th century and include expectations such as women refraining from wearing pants, cutting their hair, or using makeup and jewelry; and men maintaining short hair, avoiding facial hair, and wearing long-sleeved shirts and full-length pants.<ref name=fp123-4/><ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=1977 |title=Holiness |url=https://upci.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Holiness.pdf |website=United Pentecostal Church International |publisher=General Board of the United Pentecostal Church International}}</ref> Some churches also discourage or forbid watching secular television or movies.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bernard |first1=David K. |title=Television and Movies |url=https://www.apostolic.edu/television-and-movies-entire/ |website=Apostolic Information Service |publisher=[[Indiana Bible College]] |access-date=26 February 2025 |date=18 October 2015}}</ref>

Some critics from other Christian traditions view these expectations as [[Legalism (theology)|legalistic]].<ref>See, for instance, {{cite web|url=https://www.namb.net/apologetics/resource/oneness-pentecostalism/|title=Oneness Pentecostalism|first1=Tal|last1=Davis|access-date=9 June 2011|website=North American Mission Board}} as an example of a website in which Oneness Pentecostals are accused of this.</ref> Oneness Pentecostals respond by asserting that holiness is not a means of earning salvation, but a consequence of it. They argue that obedience flows from a transformed nature, motivated by love for God rather than obligation.<ref name="Bernard 1988 Holiness and Christian Living"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=L.J. |title=Holiness Standards: Part 1 The Christian's Lifestyle |url=https://www.apostolic.edu/holiness-standards-part-1-the-christians-lifestyle/ |website=Apostolic Information Service |publisher=[[Indiana Bible College]] |access-date=26 February 2025 |date=27 September 2009}}</ref> While they affirm [[Christian liberty]], they contend that such liberty does not negate biblical commands for moral living, which they believe remain applicable today.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yohe |first1=Jim |title=True Holiness |url=https://www.apostolic.edu/true-holiness/ |website=Apostolic Information Service |publisher=[[Indiana Bible College]] |access-date=26 February 2025 |date=1 October 2009}}</ref>