Editing Manson Family (section)

== Aftermath ==
===1970s–1980s===
Watson returned to McKinney, Texas after the Tate–LaBianca murders. He was arrested in Texas on November 30, 1969, after local police were notified by California investigators that his fingerprints were found to match a print found on the front door of the Tate home. Watson fought extradition to California long enough that he was not included among the three defendants tried with Manson.<ref>Extradition of Charles 'Tex' Watson</ref>{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} The trial commenced in August 1971; by October, he, too, had been found guilty on seven counts of murder and one of conspiracy. Unlike the others, Watson presented a psychiatric defense; prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi made short work of Watson's insanity claims. Like his co-conspirators, Watson was sentenced to death.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|463–468}}

In February 1972, the death sentences of all five parties were automatically reduced to life in prison by ''[[People v. Anderson]]'', 493 P.2d 880, 6 Cal. 3d 628 ([[Supreme Court of California|Cal.]] 1972), in which the California Supreme Court abolished the [[Capital punishment in California|death penalty in that state]].<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|488–491}} After his return to prison, Manson's rhetoric and hippie speeches held little sway. Though he found temporary acceptance from the [[Aryan Brotherhood]], his role was submissive to a sexually aggressive member of the group at [[San Quentin State Prison|San Quentin]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Edward|last=George|author2=Dary Matera|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcDB9TDnPeQC&pg=PT42|title=Taming the Beast: Charles Manson's Life Behind Bars|publisher=Macmillan|year=1999|pages=42–45|isbn=978-0-312-20970-4|access-date=November 18, 2015|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617083334/https://books.google.com/books?id=YcDB9TDnPeQC&pg=PT42|url-status=live}}</ref>

Before the conclusion of Manson's Tate–LaBianca trial, a reporter for the ''Los Angeles Times'' tracked down Manson's mother, remarried and living in the [[Pacific Northwest]]. The former Kathleen Maddox claimed that, in childhood, her son had suffered no neglect; he had even been "pampered by all the women who surrounded him".<ref name="mom">Smith, Dave. ''Mother Tells Life of Manson as Boy.'' 1971 article; retrieved June 5, 2007.</ref>

==== Remaining in view ====
{{Main|Gerald Ford assassination attempt in Sacramento}}
[[File:FolsomStatePrison.jpg|thumb|The [[Folsom State Prison]], one of the facilities where Manson was held]]

On September 5, 1975, the Family returned to national attention when [[Lynette Fromme|Squeaky Fromme]] attempted to assassinate U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]].<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|502–511}} The attempt took place in [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], to which she and fellow Manson follower [[Sandra Good]] had moved so that they could be near Manson while he was incarcerated at [[Folsom State Prison]]. A subsequent search of the apartment shared by Fromme, Good, and another Family recruit turned up evidence that, coupled with later actions on the part of Good, resulted in Good's conviction for conspiring to send threatening communications through the United States mail service and for transmitting death threats by way of interstate commerce. The threats involved corporate executives and U.S. government officials vis-à-vis supposed environmental dereliction on their part.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|502–511}} Fromme was sentenced to 15 years to life, becoming the first person sentenced under [[United States Code]] Title 18, chapter 84 (1965),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1751-|title=18 U.S.C. §&nbsp;1751|website=Law.cornell.edu|date=June 28, 2010|access-date=November 28, 2010|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720042349/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1751|url-status=live}}</ref> which made it a Federal crime to attempt to assassinate the President of the United States.

In December 1987, Fromme, serving a life sentence for the assassination attempt, escaped briefly from [[Federal Prison Camp, Alderson]] in [[West Virginia]]. She was trying to reach Manson because she heard that he had [[testicular cancer]]; she was apprehended within days.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|502–511}} She was released on parole from [[Federal Medical Center, Carswell]] on August 14, 2009.<ref name="abc">{{cite news|title=Would-Be Assassin 'Squeaky' Fromme Released from Prison|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/MansonMurders/story?id=8327414&page=1|publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]|date=August 14, 2009|access-date=August 14, 2009|archive-date=August 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816201405/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/MansonMurders/story?id=8327414&page=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

===1980–present===
[[Steve "Clem" Grogan]], was paroled in 1985.

In a 1994 conversation with Manson prosecutor [[Vincent Bugliosi]], [[Catherine Share]], a one-time Manson follower, stated that her testimony in the penalty phase of Manson's trial had been a fabrication intended to save Manson from the [[gas chamber]] and that it had been given under Manson's explicit direction.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|502–511}} Share's testimony had introduced the copycat-motive story, which the testimony of the three female defendants echoed and according to which the Tate–LaBianca murders had been Linda Kasabian's idea.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|424–433}} In a 1997 segment of the [[tabloid journalism|tabloid]] television program ''[[Hard Copy]]'', Share implied that her testimony had been given under a Manson threat of physical harm.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XR-EqsE8lHc Catherine Share with Vincent Bugliosi, ''Hard Copy'', 1997] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309225932/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XR-EqsE8lHc |date=March 9, 2016 }} YouTube. Retrieved May 30, 2007.</ref> In August 1971, after Manson's trial and sentencing, Share had participated in a violent California retail store robbery, the object of which was the acquisition of weapons to help free Manson.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|463–468}}

In January 1996, a Manson website was established by latter-day Manson follower George Stimson, who was helped by [[Sandra Good]]. Good had been released from prison in 1985, after serving 10 years of her 15-year sentence for the death threats.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|502–511}}<ref>[https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/1997/04/3182 "Manson's Family Affair Living in Cyberspace"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329025906/http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/1997/04/3182 |date=March 29, 2014 }}. ''Wired'', April 16, 1997. Retrieved May 29, 2007.</ref>

In a 1998–1999 interview in ''Seconds'' magazine, [[Bobby Beausoleil]] rejected the view that Manson ordered him to kill Gary Hinman.<ref name="seconds" /> He stated that Manson did come to Hinman's house and slash Hinman with a sword, which he had previously denied in a 1981 interview with ''Oui'' magazine. Beausoleil stated that when he read about the Tate murders in the newspaper, "I wasn't even sure at that point—really, I had no idea who had done it until Manson's group were actually arrested for it. It had only crossed my mind and I had a premonition, perhaps. There was some little tickle in my mind that the killings might be connected with them&nbsp;..." In the ''Oui'' magazine interview, he had stated, "When the Tate–LaBianca murders happened, I knew who had done it. I was fairly certain."<ref name="Guinn"/>{{rp|433}}

William Garretson, once the young caretaker at [[10050 Cielo Drive]], indicated in a program  (''The Last Days of Sharon Tate'') broadcast on July 25, 1999 on ''[[E!]]'', that he had, in fact, seen and heard a portion of the Tate murders from his location in the property's guest house. This corroborated the unofficial results of the [[polygraph]] examination that had been given to Garretson on August 10, 1969, and that had effectively eliminated him as a suspect. The LAPD officer who conducted the examination had concluded Garretson was "clean" on participation in the crimes but "muddy" as to his having heard anything.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|28–38}}

It was announced in early 2008 that Susan Atkins was suffering from brain cancer.<ref name=deniedrelease>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/07/15/release.denied/index.html "Ailing Manson follower denied release from prison"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630075611/http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/07/15/release.denied/index.html |date=June 30, 2016 }} ''[[CNN]]'', July 15, 2008.</ref> An application for [[compassionate release]], based on her health status, was denied in July 2008,<ref name="deniedrelease" /> and she was denied parole for the 18th and final time on September 2, 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=8462901|title=Dying Manson Murderer Denied Release|first=Sarah|last=Netter|author2=Lindsay Goldwert|publisher=ABC News|date=September 2, 2009|access-date=September 3, 2009|archive-date=January 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109220013/http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=8462901|url-status=live}}</ref> Atkins died of natural causes 22 days later, on September 24, 2009, at the Central California Women's facility in [[Chowchilla, California|Chowchilla]].<ref name=NYT_obit>{{cite news|title=Susan Atkins, Manson Follower, Dies at 61|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/26/us/26atkins.html|date=September 26, 2009|last=Fox|first=Margalit|access-date=September 26, 2009|archive-date=March 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314064645/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/26/us/26atkins.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Manson follower Susan Atkins dies at 61|work=The Guardian|date=September 25, 2009|access-date=September 25, 2009|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/25/charles-manson-susan-atkins-dies|archive-date=September 7, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907133958/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/25/charles-manson-susan-atkins-dies|url-status=live}}</ref>

In a January 2008 segment of the [[Discovery Channel]]'s ''[[Most Evil]]'', Barbara Hoyt said that the impression that she had accompanied Ruth Ann Moorehouse to Hawaii just to avoid testifying at Manson's trial was erroneous. Hoyt said she had cooperated with the Family because she was "trying to keep them from killing my family". She stated that, at the time of the trial, she was "constantly being threatened: 'Your family's gonna die. [The murders] could be repeated at your house.{{' "}}<ref>{{cite episode |title = Charles Manson Murders |url = http://investigation.discovery.com/tv/most-evil/ep-guide/most-evil-ep-guide.html |series = Most Evil |series-link = Most Evil |network = Discovery Channel |airdate = January 31, 2008 |season = 3 |number = 1 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080222090233/http://investigation.discovery.com/tv/most-evil/ep-guide/most-evil-ep-guide.html |archive-date = February 22, 2008 |df = mdy}}</ref>

On March 15, 2008, the [[Associated Press]] reported that [[forensic science|forensic investigators]] had conducted a search for human remains at [[Barker Ranch]] the previous month. Following up on longstanding rumors that the Family had killed hitchhikers and runaways who had come into its orbit during its time at Barker, the investigators identified "two likely clandestine grave sites&nbsp;... and one additional site that merits further investigation."<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/03/15/america/CSI-Manson-Ranch.php "AP Exclusive: On Manson's trail, forensic testing suggests possible new grave sites".] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319084417/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/03/15/america/CSI-Manson-Ranch.php |date=March 19, 2008}}</ref> Though they recommended digging, [[CNN]] reported on March 28 that the [[Inyo County, California|Inyo County]] sheriff, who questioned the methods they employed with search dogs, had ordered additional tests before any excavation.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/03/28/manson.ranch/index.html ''More tests at Manson ranch for buried bodies''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329123425/http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/03/28/manson.ranch/index.html |date=March 29, 2008}}. CNN.com. Retrieved March 28, 2008.</ref> On May 9, after a delay caused by damage to test equipment,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110727135901/https://secure.passport.mnginteractive.com/mngi/servletDispatch/ErightsPassportServlet.dyn?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fci_9054839%3Fnclick_check%3D1&forced=true Authorities delay decision on digging at Manson ranch] Associated Press report, mercurynews.com. Retrieved April 27, 2008.</ref> the sheriff announced that test results had been inconclusive and that "exploratory excavation" would begin on May 20.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/05/09/manson.ranch/ Authorities to dig at old Manson family ranch] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517185607/http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/05/09/manson.ranch/ |date=May 17, 2008}} cnn.com. Retrieved May 9, 2008.</ref> In the meantime, [[Tex Watson|Charles "Tex" Watson]] had commented publicly that "no one was killed" at the desert camp during the month and a half he was there, after the Tate–LaBianca murders.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/05/08/bts.rowlands.manson/index.html#cnnSTCOther1 ''Letter from Manson lieutenant.''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510063436/http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/05/08/bts.rowlands.manson/index.html |date=May 10, 2008}} CNN. Retrieved May 9, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.aboundinglove.org/mv/2008/mv-005.php ''Monthly View – May 2008''.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714161412/http://www.aboundinglove.org/mv/2008/mv-005.php |date=July 14, 2014}} Aboundinglove.org. Retrieved May 9, 2008.</ref> On May 21, after two days of work, the sheriff brought the search to an end; four potential gravesites had been dug up and had been found to hold no human remains.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/24/america/NA-GEN-US-Manson-Ranch.php ''Four holes dug, no bodies found&nbsp;...''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325041133/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/24/america/NA-GEN-US-Manson-Ranch.php |date=March 25, 2009}} iht.com. Retrieved May 26, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/05/21/manson.ranch/ ''Dig turns up no bodies at Manson ranch site''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522115810/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/05/21/manson.ranch/ |date=May 22, 2011}} CNN.com, May 21, 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2008.</ref>

In September 2009, The [[History (U.S. TV network)|History Channel]] broadcast a docudrama covering the Family's activities and the murders as part of its coverage on the 40th anniversary of the killings.<ref name="history">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56R0GV20090728|title=Manson Family member interviewed for special|work=Reuters|date=July 28, 2009|access-date=October 27, 2009|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720042343/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56R0GV20090728|url-status=live}}</ref> The program included an in-depth interview with [[Linda Kasabian]], who spoke publicly for the first time since a 1989 appearance on ''[[A Current Affair (U.S. TV series)|A Current Affair]]'', an American television news magazine.<ref name="history" /> Also included in the History Channel program were interviews with [[Vincent Bugliosi]], [[Catherine Share]], and Debra Tate, sister of Sharon.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/genericContent.do?id=71946|title=Manson, About the Show|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV network)|History Channel]]|access-date=October 27, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002021528/http://www.history.com/genericContent.do?id=71946|archive-date=October 2, 2009}}</ref>

As the 40th anniversary of the Tate–LaBianca murders approached, in July 2009, [[Los Angeles (magazine)|''Los Angeles'' magazine]] published an "oral history" in which former Family members, law enforcement officers, and others involved with Manson, the arrests, and the trials offered their recollections of—and observations on—the events that made Manson notorious. In the article, Juan Flynn, a Spahn Ranch worker who had become associated with Manson and the Family, said, "Charles Manson got away with everything. People will say, 'He's in jail.' But Charlie is exactly where he wants to be."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamag.com/leftovers/manson-web-extra-last-words1/|work=[[Los Angeles (magazine)|Los Angeles magazine]]|date=July 1, 2009|access-date=July 8, 2009|title=Manson Web Extra: Last Words |author=Steve Oney|archive-date=May 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531013037/http://www.lamag.com/leftovers/manson-web-extra-last-words1/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Charles Manson died of a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] and complications from [[colon cancer]] on November 19, 2017. He was 83 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Death Certificate: Charles Manson Had Colon Cancer, Died Of Heart Failure |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/charles-manson-colon-cancer-heart-failure/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www.cbsnews.com |date=December 13, 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Bobby Beausoleil]] was recommended parole by the [[California Board of Parole]] in 2019, at his nineteenth hearing, California Governor [[Gavin Newsom]] denied parole.

[[Leslie Van Houten]] was released on parole on July 11, 2023, at the age of 73.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/manson-follower-leslie-van-houten-released-prison-9d288014802324371971ce8bd63a78e4 | title=Charles Manson follower Leslie van Houten released from prison a half-century after grisly killings | website=[[Associated Press]] | date=July 11, 2023 }}</ref>

[[Patricia Krenwinkel]] was granted parole by the board on May 26, 2022, but on October 14, 2022, Governor [[Gavin Newsom]] reversed the decision, citing the continued threat she would pose to society if released. Krenwinkel remains incarcerated at the California Institution for Women in Chino, California. In 2025, she was recommended to be released on parole but the recommendation was again reversed by Newsom.

[[Tex Watson]] has been denied parole 18 times since he gained eligibility in 1976, including two stipulations. In an October 2021 parole board hearing, he was given a five-year denial of parole. He remains incarcerated at Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego County, California.