Editing Antoinism (section)

===Classification===
In France, the Antoinist worship was classified as a [[cult]] in the [[List of groups referred to as cults or sects in government documents|1995 parliamentary reports]] which considered it one of the oldest healer groups.<ref name="AN"/> Books published by Belgian and French anti-cult associations and activists sometimes included Antoinism in their lists of cults, such as ''Cults, State of Emergency—Better know them, better defend oneself in France and worldwide'' (''Les Sectes, État d'urgence—Mieux les connaître, mieux s'en défendre en France et dans le monde)'', published by the [[Centre contre les manipulations mentales|Centre Roger Ikor]],<ref>[[#Ikor|Ikor, 1995]], pp. 45,46.</ref> and others.<ref>[[#Lallemand|Lallemand, 1994]], pp. 45–49.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Les Nouvelles Sectes |first=Alain |last=Woodrow |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |year=1977 |language=fr |pages=52, 53 |isbn=2-02-005971-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Les Sectes à l'assaut de la santé—Le pluralisme thérapeutique en danger |first=Paul |last=Ariès |year=2000 |publisher=Golias |place=France |language=fr |pages=49, 50 |isbn=2-911453-89-1}}</ref> However, on 27 May 2005, the 1995 annex of the French report and cult classifications in which the Antoinist worship was listed, were officially cancelled and invalidated by [[Jean-Pierre Raffarin]]'s circulaire.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.lepoint.fr/content/societe/article?id=19641 |title=La fin des listes noires |journal=[[Le Point]] |publisher=Artémis |place=Paris |language=fr |date=23 June 2005 |access-date=10 September 2010}}</ref> In addition, in a 1984 letter, the French [[Minister of the Interior]] wrote that the movement was considered, from an administrative point of view, as having for exclusive purpose the exercise of a religion, thus complying with the 18th and 19th Articles of the [[1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State]]. He added that Antoinism had always been allowed to receive bequests or donations, which meant that its religious nature was never challenged.<ref>{{cite book |title=La religion, une anomalie républicaine? |chapter=Chapitre 2: Les enfants dans la tourmente "sectaire" |first=Dominique |last=Kounkou |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2003 |page=98 |language=fr |isbn=2-7475-4094-4}}</ref> In the early 2000s, membership of an Antoinist mother in [[Valenciennes]] was used by her former husband to remove from her the custody of their son; the decision received attention from media and was criticized by the French sociologist Régis Dericquebourg as being unjustified.<ref>{{cite web |title=Antoinism: Divorce and Cults |url=http://wwrn.org/articles/14040/?&place=france&section=other-nrms |author=Human Rights Without Frontiers |publisher=Worldwide Religious News |date=7 December 2001 |access-date=12 April 2011|author-link = Human Rights Without Frontiers}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=La religion, une anomalie républicaine? |chapter=Chapitre 2: Les enfants dans la tourmente "sectaire" |first=Dominique |last=Kounkou |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2003 |pages=93–102 |language=fr |isbn=2-7475-4094-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite video |people=Régis Dericquebourg |title=L'interview de Régis Dericquebourg |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54F0i1vYjCA | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211115/54F0i1vYjCA| archive-date=2021-11-15 | url-status=live|date=2006 |language=fr |trans-title=Interview of Regis Dericquebourg |publisher=Centre d'Information et de Conseil des Nouvelles Spiritualités |access-date=12 April 2011 |time=18:10}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

When heard by the Belgian commission on cults, philosopher Luc Nefontaine said that "the establishment of a directory of cult movements (...) seems to him dangerous, because it would also give a bad image of quite honourable organizations such as (...) Antoinism".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rapport fait au nom de la Commission d'Enquête par MM. Duquesne et Willems (partie I) |url=http://www.dekamer.be/FLWB/pdf/49/0313/49K0313007.pdf |language=fr |page=92 |publisher=Chambre des Représentants de Belgique |year=1997 |access-date=10 September 2010}}</ref> Eric Brasseur, director of Centre for information and advice on harmful cultish organizations (Centre d'information et d'avis sur les organisations sectaires nuisibles, or CIAOSN) said: "This is a Belgian worship for which we have never had a complaint in 12 years, a rare case to report".<ref>{{cite journal |title=L'antoinisme, seul mouvement religieux né en Belgique |url=https://www.lalibre.be/societe/general/article/774950/l-antoinisme-seul-mouvement-religieux-ne-en-belgique.html |first=Déborah |last=Taminiaux |journal=[[La Libre Belgique]] |date=1 November 2012 |access-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> Similarly, in 2013, the [[MIVILUDES|Interministerial Mission for Monitoring and Combatting Cultic Deviances]] (Mission interministérielle de vigilance et de lutte contre les dérives sectaires, or MIVILUDES) made this comment: "We have never received reporting from Antoinists. They heal through prayer, but as long as they do not prevent people from getting proper treatment by legal means..." In addition, the [[Direction centrale des renseignements généraux|Renseignements généraux]] stopped monitoring the religion given the absence of any problem.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Faut-il se méfier des fidèles du Culte Antoiniste ? |journal=Le Progrès |place=Loire |edition=Édition du Roannais |first=Justin |last=Mourez |date=23 March 2013 |page=15 |language=fr}}</ref> In 2002, the national service "Pastoral, sects and new beliefs" ("Pastorale, sectes et nouvelles croyances"), which analyses new religious movements from a catholic point of view, wrote about Antoinism: "Although listed among the cults in the 1995 Parliamentary Report, it has no cultish feature."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://troumad.org/sectes/partie_4/Antoinisme.html |title=L'Antoinisme |author=Pastorale, sectes et nouvelles croyances |publisher=troumad |date=October 2002 |language=fr |access-date=6 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113231539/http://troumad.org/sectes/partie_4/Antoinisme.html |archive-date=13 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Similarly, Dericquebourg, who deeply studied the religious group, concluded that Antoinism is not a cult: it "has no totalitarian influence on its members, and do not dictate their behaviour to get in the world; it is not exclusive [and] shows no hostility towards social systems".<ref>[[#Dericquebourg|Dericquebourg, 1993]], p. 139.</ref> According to Bégot, the group is a "cult" in the sociological language (not to be confused with the pejorative word "[[cult]]"), characterized by a mystical experience, a break with the dominant religious tradition, and primacy of the individual on social issues; it has both magical and ethical dimensions.<ref>[[#Masse|Massé, 2002]], p. 76.</ref>

Although it does not refer directly to the Gospel, Antoinism is often considered a [[Christianity|Christian]]-based [[new religious movement]].<ref name="Quid"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Guide des Sociétés Secrètes et des Sectes |first=Jean-Pierre |last=Bayard |year=2004 |publisher=Nouvelle Imprimerie Labollery |place=France |pages=249, 250 |language=fr |isbn=2-84898-039-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Guide des spiritualités en France. Des courants religieux aux voies d'éveil laïques |first=Florence |last=Vertanessian |chapter=Nouveaux mouvements chrétiens |publisher=Le Félin |year=2002 |language=fr |page=108 |isbn=2-86645-415-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionnaire des monothéismes |first1=Jacques |last1=Potin |publisher=Bayard |year=2003 |place=France |isbn=978-2-22747-158-0 |page=277}}</ref> In 1970, British sociologist [[Bryan R. Wilson|Bryan Wilson]] classified Antoinism in the category of "[[Thaumaturgy|thaumaturgical]] sects".<ref>{{cite book |title=Les sectes religieuses |first=Bryan |last=Wilson |author-link=Bryan R. Wilson |publisher=Hachette |place=Paris |year=1970 |language=fr |page=174}}</ref> Secretary of the French episcopate for the study of cults and new religious movements [[Jean Vernette]] also deemed the group a "healer church" and "a new religion of Spiritism, Theosophy and elements of Christianity".<ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionnaire des groupes religieux aujourd'hui (religions-églises-sectes-nouveaux mouvements religieux-mouvements spiritualistes) |first1=Jean |last1=Vernette |author-link1=Jean Vernette |first2=Claire |last2=Moncelon |publisher=Presses Universitaires de France |year=2001 |page=18 |language=fr |isbn=978-2-13-052026-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Les Sectes |first=Jean |last=Vernette |author-link=Jean Vernette |publisher=Presses Universitaires de France |year=2002 |place=Paris |pages=55, 56 |language=fr |isbn=2-13-052434-6}}</ref> ''Le Protestant Liégeois'', a Belgian Protestant periodical, said that the group, although listed as a cult in the 1995 parliamentary report, was "rather a philosophical and religious movement".<ref name="Giltay6"/> In an encyclopedia about sects, the journalist Xavier Pasquini qualified Antoinism a "genuine [[Theosophy (disambiguation)|Theosophical]] religion", and stated that it "does not ask for money from its followers, and does not practice excessive indoctrination".<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopédie des sectes dans le monde |first1=Xavier |last1=Pasquini |first2=Christian |last2=Plume |publisher=Henri Veyrier |place=Alençon |year=1984 |language=fr |page=37 |isbn=2-85199-327-5}}</ref>