Editing Falun Gong (section)

===Forced organ harvesting allegations===
{{further|Forced organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China|Organ transplantation in China}}

In 2006, allegations emerged that a large number of Falun Gong practitioners had been killed to supply China's organ transplant industry. These allegations prompted an investigation by former Canadian Secretary of State [[David Kilgour]] and human rights lawyer [[David Matas]].

The [[Kilgour-Matas report]]<ref name=orgharv/><ref name="theage060708">{{Cite news|date=2006-07-08|title=Falun Gong organ claim supported|url=https://www.theage.com.au/world/falun-gong-organ-claim-supported-20060708-ge2o9o.html|access-date=2023-02-10|website=The Age|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020194313/https://www.theage.com.au/world/falun-gong-organ-claim-supported-20060708-ge2o9o.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ottawa">{{cite news |last=Endemann |first=Kirstin |date=6 July 2006 |agency=CanWest News Service |work=Ottawa Citizen |url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=290fed94-d0c2-4265-8686-54ce75d08eca&k=34245 |title=Ottawa urged to stop Canadians travelling to China for transplants |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017095219/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=290fed94-d0c2-4265-8686-54ce75d08eca&k=34245 |archive-date=17 October 2015 }}</ref> was published in July 2006, and concluded that "the government of China and its agencies in numerous parts of the country, in particular hospitals but also detention centers and 'people's courts', since 1999 have put to death a large but unknown number of Falun Gong prisoners of conscience." The report, which was based mainly on circumstantial evidence, called attention to the extremely short wait times for organs in China—one to two weeks for a liver compared with 32.5 months in Canada—implying it was indicative of organs being procured on demand. It also tracked a significant increase in the number of annual organ transplants in China beginning in 1999, corresponding with the onset of the persecution of Falun Gong. Despite very low levels of voluntary organ donation, China performs the second-highest number of transplants per year. Kilgour and Matas also presented self-accusatory material from Chinese transplant center web sites<ref>{{Cite web
| title=French Newspaper Le Figaro Reports on CCP's Forced Organ Harvesting
| date= 3 August 2016
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030081813/http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2016/8/3/158092.html
| website= minghui.org
| publisher = Falun Dafa
| archive-date=30 October 2016
| url = http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2016/8/3/158092.html
|url-status=live}}</ref> advertising the immediate availability of organs from living donors, and transcripts of interviews in which hospitals told prospective transplant recipients that they could obtain Falun Gong organs.<ref name="orgharv">{{cite web |first1=David |last1=Kilgour |author1-link=David Kilgour |first2=David |last2=Matas |author2-link=David Matas |date=6 July 2006 |title=An Independent Investigation into Allegations of Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners in China |url=https://organharvestinvestigation.net}}</ref>{{nonspecific|date=May 2025}}

[[File:Ethan Gutmann (left) with Edward McMillan-Scott.jpg|thumb|[[Ethan Gutmann]] (left) with [[Edward McMillan-Scott]] at a Foreign Press Association press conference, 2009|left]]
In May 2008 two United Nations Special Rapporteurs reiterated requests for the Chinese authorities to respond to the allegations,<ref name="marketwireun2">{{cite web |url=http://www.theinformationdaily.com/2008/05/09/united-nations-human-rights-special-rapporteurs-reiterate-findings-on-chinas-organ-harvesting-from-falun-gong-practitioners |title=United Nations Human Rights Special Rapporteurs Reiterate Findings on China's Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners |website=The Information Daily |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512183828/http://www.theinformationdaily.com/2008/05/09/united-nations-human-rights-special-rapporteurs-reiterate-findings-on-chinas-organ-harvesting-from-falun-gong-practitioners |archive-date=12 May 2015 |date=9 May 2008 |access-date=24 September 2010}}</ref> and to explain a source for the organs that would account for the sudden increase in organ transplants in China since 2000. Chinese officials have responded by denying the organ harvesting allegations, and insisting that China abides by [[World Health Organization]] principles that prohibit the sale of human organs without written consent from donors. Responding to a U.S. House of Representatives Resolution calling for an end to abusing transplant practices against religious and ethnic minorities, a Chinese embassy spokesperson said "the so-called organ harvesting from death-row prisoners is totally a lie fabricated by Falun Gong."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/us-calls-china-end-state-sanctioned-harvesting-human-organs-prisoners-1459184 |title=US Calls for China to End 'State-Sanctioned Harvesting of Human Organs' From Prisoners |last=Smith |first=Lydia |date=31 July 2014 |website=[[International Business Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085539/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/us-calls-china-end-state-sanctioned-harvesting-human-organs-prisoners-1459184 |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2014}}</ref> In August 2009, [[Manfred Nowak]], the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture, said, "The Chinese government has yet to come clean and be transparent{{nbsp}}... It remains to be seen how it could be possible that organ transplant surgeries in Chinese hospitals have risen massively since 1999, while there are never that many voluntary donors available."

In 2014, investigative journalist Ethan Gutmann published the result of his own investigation.<ref name=EGbook/> Gutmann conducted extensive interviews with former detainees in Chinese labor camps and prisons, as well as former security officers and medical professionals with knowledge of China's transplant practices.<ref name="Jay">{{cite news |first=Jay |last=Nordlinger |author-link=Jay Nordlinger |date=25 August 2014 |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/sites/default/files/nordlinger_gutmann08-25-14.html |title=Face The Slaughter: The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223172904/http://www.nationalreview.com/sites/default/files/nordlinger_gutmann08-25-14.html |archive-date=23 February 2016 |magazine=[[National Review]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-21|title=Q&A: Author and analyst Ethan Gutmann discusses China's illegal organ trade| first = Barbara | last = Turnbull|url=https://www.thestar.com/life/2014/10/21/qa_author_and_analyst_ethan_gutmann_discusses_chinas_illegal_organ_trade.html|access-date=2023-02-10|website=Toronto Star|language=en|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707062227/https://www.thestar.com/life/2014/10/21/qa_author_and_analyst_ethan_gutmann_discusses_chinas_illegal_organ_trade.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He reported that organ harvesting from political prisoners likely began in [[Xinjiang|Xinjiang province]] in the 1990s, and then spread nationwide. Gutmann estimates that some 64,000 Falun Gong prisoners may have been killed for their organs between 2000 and 2008.<ref name="EGbook">{{Cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2014/08/09/chinas-long-history-of-harvesting-organs-from-living-political-prisoners/ |title=China's long history of harvesting organs from living political foes |last=Getlen |first=Larry |date=9 August 2014 |work=[[New York Post]] |access-date=15 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811212811/http://nypost.com/2014/08/09/chinas-long-history-of-harvesting-organs-from-living-political-prisoners/ |archive-date=11 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="Slaughter">{{Cite book |last=Gutmann |first=Ethan |title=The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem |publisher=Prometheus Books |year=2014 |isbn=978-1616149406 |page=67}}</ref>

In a 2016 report, [[David Kilgour]] found that he had underestimated. In the new report he found that the government's official estimates for the volume of organs harvested since the persecution of Falun Gong began to be 150,000 to 200,000.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kilgour |first=David |title=Blood Harvest: The Slaughter |url=http://endorganpillaging.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bloody_Harvest-The_Slaughter-June-23-V2.pdf |url-status=live |journal=End Organ Pillaging |page=428 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706184456/http://endorganpillaging.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Bloody_Harvest-The_Slaughter-June-23-V2.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2016 |access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref> Media outlets have extrapolated from this study a death toll of 1.5 million.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-kills-millions-of-innocent-meditators-for-their-organs-report-finds-a7107091.html |title=China kills millions of innocent meditators for their organs, report finds |last=Samuels |first=Gabriel |date=2016-06-29 |website=The Independent |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702141054/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-kills-millions-of-innocent-meditators-for-their-organs-report-finds-a7107091.html |archive-date=2 July 2016 |access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref> [[Ethan Gutmann]] estimated from this update that 60,000 to 110,000 organs are harvested in China annually, observing that it is (paraphrasing) "difficult but plausible to harvest 3 organs from a single body" and also calls the harvest "a new form of [[genocide]] using the most respected members of society".<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOFx8tm6uRA |title=Bloody Harvest / The Slaughter |people=International Coalition to End Organ Pillaging in China|date=24 June 2016 |via=YouTube |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812021105/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOFx8tm6uRA |archive-date=12 August 2016 |access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref>

In June 2019, the [[China Tribunal]]— a non-governmental tribunal set up by the International Coalition to End Transplant Abuse in China—concluded that detainees including imprisoned followers of the Falun Gong movement are still being killed for organ harvesting. The Tribunal, chaired by British barrister [[Geoffrey Nice]], said it was "certain that Falun Gong as a source—probably the principal source—of organs for forced organ harvesting".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/17/china-is-harvesting-organs-from-detainees-uk-tribunal-concludes |title=China is harvesting organs from detainees, tribunal concludes |work=The Guardian |access-date=17 June 2019 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316220515/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/17/china-is-harvesting-organs-from-detainees-uk-tribunal-concludes |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-china-rights/china-is-harvesting-organs-from-falun-gong-members-finds-expert-panel-idUSKCN1TI236 |title=China is harvesting organs from Falun Gong members, finds expert panel |work=Reuters |access-date=17 June 2019 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618062441/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-china-rights/china-is-harvesting-organs-from-falun-gong-members-finds-expert-panel-idUSKCN1TI236 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2021, the Special Procedures of the [[United Nations Human Rights Council]] voiced concerns over having "received credible information that detainees from ethnic, linguistic or religious minorities may be forcibly subjected to blood tests and organ examinations such as ultrasound and x-rays, without their informed consent; while other prisoners are not required to undergo such examinations." The press release stated that UN's human rights experts "were extremely alarmed by reports of alleged 'organ harvesting' targeting minorities, including Falun Gong practitioners, Uyghurs, Tibetans, Muslims and Christians, in detention in China."<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2021 |title=China: UN human rights experts alarmed by 'organ harvesting' allegations |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2021/06/china-un-human-rights-experts-alarmed-organ-harvesting-allegations?LangID=E&NewsID=27167 |publisher=[[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]}}</ref>