Editing Order of Nine Angles (section)

==Membership==

Academic observers have argued that in the 1980s and 1990s the ONA remained very small.{{sfn|Gregorius|2023|p=254}} Gregorius suggested that in the 1980s its membership may only have included one or two people,{{sfn|Gregorius|2023|p=254}} while in his 1995 overview of British Satanist groups, Harvey suggested that the ONA consisted of less than ten members, "and perhaps fewer than five."{{sfn|Harvey|1995|p=292}} In 1998, Jeffrey Kaplan and Leonard Weinberg stated that the ONA's membership was "infinitesmally small", with the group acting primarily as a "mail-order ministry".{{sfn|Kaplan|Weinberg|1998|p=143}} The following year, Christos Beest stated that there were only about ten people involved.{{sfn|Gregorius|2023|p=254}}

In 2013, Senholt observed that because the group has no official membership, it is "difficult, if not impossible, to estimate the number of ONA members".{{sfn|Senholt|2013|p=257}} Senholt suggested that a "rough estimate" of the "total number" of individuals involved with the ONA in some capacity from 1980 to 2009 was "a few thousand"; he had come to this conclusion from an examination of the number of magazines and journals about the subject circulated and the number of members of online discussion groups devoted to the ONA.{{sfn|Senholt|2013|p=257}} At the same time he thought that the number of "longtime adherents is much smaller."{{sfn|Senholt|2013|p=257}} In 2013, Monette estimated that there were over two thousand ONA associates, broadly defined.{{sfnm|1a1=Monette|1y=2013|1p=89|2a1=Introvigne|2y=2016|2p=359}} He believed that the gender balance was roughly equal, although with regional variation and differences among particular nexions.{{sfn|Monette|2013|p=89}} Introvigne observed that if Monette's estimate was correct, it would mean that the ONA is "easily... the largest Satanist organization in the world".{{sfn|Introvigne|2016|p=359}}

A 2015 survey of Satanists run by the scholars Asbjørn Dyrendal, [[James R. Lewis (scholar)|James R. Lewis]], and Jesper Aa. Petersen found that those expressing a positive view of the ONA tended to be "a little older" than other Satanists, were more likely to have children, and were politically further to the right.{{sfn|Dyrendal|Lewis|Petersen|2016|p=195}} It also determined that there were a higher proportion of women sympathetic to the ONA than among Satanists more broadly.{{sfn|Dyrendal|Lewis|Petersen|2016|p=195}}