Editing Auditing (Scientology) (section)

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="abilitymag36">{{Cite magazine |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |title=The Vocabularies of Science |magazine=Ability: the Magazine of Dianetics and Scientology |issue=36 |location=Washington D. C. |date=October 1956 |page=2 |url=https://iapsop.com/archive/materials/ability/ability_36_1956_16_of_20.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="andersonreport">{{cite web |title=Report of the Board of Inquiry into Scientology |url=https://archive.org/details/vparl-1965-66-no-9-recognized/mode/1up?view=theater |first=Kevin Victor |last=Anderson |author-link=Kevin Victor Anderson |year=1965 |publisher=Government Printer, Melbourne}} ([https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Cowen/audit/andrhome.html alternative link])</ref>

<ref name=Ar06>{{cite book |last1=Arweck |first1=Elisabeth |title=Researching New Religious Movements: Responses and Redefinitions |date=2006 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London|quote=the e-meter – an instrument used in Scientology for auditing sessions — basically, a device consisting of two tin cans wired to a gauge; auditing is to identify and eliminate individuals' engrams, unconscious memories which prevent progress|isbn=9-78-0-415-27754-9 |page=218 |url=https://www.routledge.com/Researching-New-Religious-Movements-Responses-and-Redefinitions/Arweck/p/book/9780415277556}}</ref>

<ref name="atack">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/pieceofblueskysc00atac/ |title=A Piece of Blue Sky: Scientology, Dianetics and L. Ron Hubbard Exposed |first=Jon |last=Atack |author-link=Jon Atack |date=1990 |publisher=[[Lyle Stuart|Lyle Stuart Books]] |isbn=081840499X |ol=9429654M }}</ref>

<ref name="bigliardi">{{cite journal |title=New Religious Movements, Technology, and Science: The Conceptualization of the E-meter in Scientology Teachings |journal=Zygon |year=2016 |last=Bigliardi |first=Stefano |author-link=Stefano Bigliardi |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=661-683 |doi=10.1111/zygo.12281 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="business">{{Multiref2|1={{Cite journal |title=Scientology: Religion or racket? |first=Benjamin |last=Beit-Hallahmi |author-link=Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi |journal=[[Marburg Journal of Religion]] |volume=8 |issue=1 |date=2003 |url=https://core.ac.uk/reader/161976930 |doi=10.17192/mjr.2003.8.3724 |doi-access=free}} |2={{cite magazine |first=Richard  |last=Behar |author-link=Richard Behar |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,156952,00.html |title=Scientology: The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=May 6, 1991  |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200902/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,156952,00.html |archive-date=May 25, 2014}} |3={{Cite news |last1=Sappell |first1=Joel |last2=Welkos |first2=Robert |title=LRH: The Story of L. Ron Hubbard and the Church of Scientology – Goal of church: to make money |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1990/06/25/lrh-the-story-of-l-ron-hubbard-and-the-church-of-scientology-goal-of-church-to-make-money/ |work=[[Tampa Bay Times]] |publisher=[[Times Publishing Company]] |date=June 25, 1990a |language=en}} }}</ref>

<ref name="cook">{{cite journal |title=Scientology and Dianetics |journal=The Journal of Education |year=1971 |last=Cook |first=Pat |volume=153 |issue=4 |pages=58–61 |doi=10.1177/002205747115300409 |jstor=42773008 |s2cid=151258588 }}</ref>

<ref name="cordon">{{cite book|last1=Cordón|first1=Luis A.|title=Popular psychology : an encyclopedia|date=2005|publisher=Greenwood|location=Wesport (Conn.)|isbn=9780313324574|page=[https://archive.org/details/popularpsycholog0000cord/page/61 61]|url=https://archive.org/details/popularpsycholog0000cord|url-access=registration|access-date=23 July 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="corydon">{{cite book |last=Corydon |first=Bent |author-link=Bent Corydon |title=L. Ron Hubbard, Messiah or Madman? |title-link=L. Ron Hubbard, Messiah or Madman? |year=1987 |publisher=[[Lyle Stuart]] |isbn=0818404442 }}</ref>

<ref name="dmsmh">{{cite book |title=Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health |title-link=Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health |year=1950 |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard}}</ref>

<ref name="dudai">{{cite book | last = Dudai | first = Yadin | author-link = Yadin Dudai | year = 2002 | title = Memory from A to Z: Keywords, Concepts, and Beyond | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford, United Kingdom | isbn = 0-19-852087-5}}</ref>

<ref name="forde">{{Cite web |title=A Scientific scrutiny of OT III |first=Peter |last=Forde |date=June 1996 |url=https://www.spaink.net/cos/essays/forde_volcanos.html |website=spaink.net}}</ref>

<ref name="fren">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.17192/MJR.1999.4.3760| last = Frenschkowsky| first = Marco| title = L. Ron Hubbard and Scientology: An annotated bibliographical survey of primary and selected secondary literature |journal=[[Marburg Journal of Religion]] | date = 2015| volume = 4| issue = 1| url = https://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/ep/0004/article/view/3760}}</ref>

<ref name="gardner">{{Cite book |first=Martin |last=Gardner |author-link=Martin Gardner |title=Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science |title-link=Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science |chapter=Dianetics |pages=263ff |publisher=Dover Publications |year=1986 |isbn=0-486-20394-8 |ol=22475247M}}</ref>

<ref name=Gesell>{{cite court |litigants=United States of America, Libelant, v. Founding Church of Scientology et al., Claimants |vol=D.C. 1–63|opinion=333 F. Supp. 357 |pinpoint= |court=United States District Court, D.C. |date=July 30, 1971 |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/333/357/1606969/ |quote=The E-meter is essentially a simple galvanometer using two tin cans as electrodes. It is crude, battery-powered, and designed to measure electrical skin resistance...A person using the meter for treatment holds the tin cans in his hands during an interview with the operator who is known as an auditor}}</ref>

<ref name=HaSc24>{{cite book |last1=Hassan |first1=Steven A.|author-link1=Steven Hassan|last2=Scheflin |first2=Alan W.|editor-last1=Linden|editor-last2=De Benedittis|editor-last3=Sugarman|editor-last4=Varga|editor-first1=Julie H.|editor-first2=Giuseppe|editor-first3=Laurence I.|editor-first4=Katalin|chapter=Understanding the Dark Side of Hypnosis as a Form of Undue Influence Exerted in Authoritarian Cults: Implications for Practice, Policy, and Education|title=The Routledge International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis |date=2024 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon/New York |isbn=978-1-032-31140-1 |pages=755–772 |url=https://www.routledge.com/The-Routledge-International-Handbook-of-Clinical-Hypnosis/Linden-DeBenedittis-Sugarman-Varga/p/book/9781032311401}}</ref>

<ref name="helatrobus">{{Cite AV media |title=The Helatrobus Implants |type=Lecture |date=21 May 1963 |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard}}</ref>

<ref name="Holloway">{{cite book |last1=Holloway |first1=Richard |title=A Little History of Religion |publisher=Yale University Press |date=September 20, 2016 |isbn=978-0300208832 }}</ref>

<ref name="hcob19630511">{{Cite web |title=HCOB 11 May 1963, Routine 3 - Heaven |url=http://www.gerryarmstrong.org/50grand/cult/hcob-1963-05-11-routine-3-heaven-ex.html |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard |publisher=Hubbard Communications Office |type=[[HCOB]]}}</ref>

<ref name="hcob19700527">{{cite document |title=HCOB 27 May 1970, Unreading Questions and Items, revised 3 December 1978 |last=Hubbard |first=L. Ron |publisher=Hubbard Communications Office |type=[[HCOB]]}}</ref>

<ref name="hcob19710531">{{Cite document |title=HCOB 31 May 1971R, Standard 12 1/2 Hour Intensive Programs |last=Hubbard |first=L. Ron |publisher=Hubbard Communications Office |type=[[HCOB]]}}</ref>

<ref name="hcob19710703">{{cite document |title=HCOB 3 July 1971, Auditing by Lists, revised 22 February 1979 |last=Hubbard |first=L. Ron |publisher=Hubbard Communications Office |type=[[HCOB]]}}</ref>

<ref name="hcob19781203">{{Cite document |title=HCOB 3 December 1978, Unreading Flows |last=Hubbard |first=L. Ron |publisher=Hubbard Communications Office |type=[[HCOB]]}}</ref>

<ref name="hubbard-admindict">{{cite book |title=Modern Management Technology Defined: Hubbard dictionary of administration and management |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard |publisher=[[Church of Scientology]] |isbn=0884040402 |ol=8192738M |year=1976}}</ref>

<ref name="hubbard-dmsmh">{{cite book |title=Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health |title-link=Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health |year=1950 |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard |ol=6069624M}}</ref>

<ref name="hubbard-sos">{{cite book |title=Science of Survival: Prediction of Human Behavior |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard |publisher=[[New Era Publications|New Era Publications International ApS]] |isbn=9788779897441 |ol=6803302M |year=2007}}</ref>

<ref name="hubbard-techdict">{{cite book |title=Dianetics and Scientology Technical Dictionary |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard |publisher=[[Church of Scientology]] |isbn=0884040372 |ol=5254386M |year=1975}}</ref>

<ref name=IntroEM>{{cite web |title=Review and Commentary: The Book Introducing The E-Meter|via=Carnegie Mellon University|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Secrets/E-Meter/tbite.html |website=Secrets of Scientology}}</ref>

<ref name="Jacobsen">{{Cite web |first=Jeff |last=Jacobsen |url=https://www.spaink.net/cos/essays/jacobsen_blue.html |title=Dianetics: From Out of the Blue? |access-date=2010-06-15}} Reprinted from ''The Arizona Skeptic'', vol. 5, no. 2, September/October 1991, pp. 1-5.</ref>

<ref name="kent1999">{{Cite journal |first=Stephen A. |last=Kent |author-link=Stephen A. Kent |title=The Creation of "Religious" Scientology |doi=10.1558/rsth.v18i2.97 |year=1999 |journal=Religious Studies and Theology |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=97–126}}</ref>

<ref name="lewishandbook">{{Cite book |title=Handbook of Scientology |editor-first=James R. |editor-last=Lewis |series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |volume=14 |chapter=Introduction |first1=James R. |last1=Lewis |author1-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |first2=Kjersti |last2=Hellesøy |year=2017 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004330542}}</ref>

<ref name="lewishellesoy2017">{{cite book |title=Handbook of Scientology |editor-last1 = Lewis |editor-first1 = James R. | editor-link1 = James R. Lewis (scholar) |editor-last2=Hellesøy|editor-first2=Kjersti|date=2017|url=https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/27160|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |location=Leiden |isbn=9789004328716}}</ref>

<ref name="lewis-ch4">{{cite book |title=Scientology |title-link=Scientology (Lewis book) |year=2009 |editor-first=James R. |editor-last=Lewis |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |isbn=9780199852321 |ol=16943235M |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter=Making Sense of Scientology: Prophetic, Contractual Religion |pages=83–102 |first=David G. |last=Bromley |author-link=David G. Bromley |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.003.0005}}</ref>

<ref name="lewis-ch9">{{cite book |title=Scientology |title-link=Scientology (Lewis book) |year=2009 |editor-first=James R. |editor-last=Lewis |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |isbn=9780199852321 |ol=16943235M |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |chapter=The Development and Reality of Auditing |pages=183–206 |first1=Gail M. |last1=Harley |first2=John |last2=Kieffer |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.003.0010}}</ref>

<ref name="malko">{{cite book |first=George |last=Malko |title=Scientology: The Now Religion |title-link=Scientology: The Now Religion |year=1970 |publisher=[[Delacorte Press]] |ol=5444962M}}</ref>

<ref name="miller">{{cite book |title=Bare-faced Messiah : The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard |title-link=Bare-faced Messiah |first=Russell |last=Miller |author-link=Russell Miller |ol=26305813M |isbn=0805006540 |date=1987 |publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company]] }}</ref> 

<ref name="Refslund">{{cite book |first=Dorthe Refslund |last=Christensen |chapter=Rethinking Scientology: An Analysis of L. Ron Hubbard's Formulation of Therapy and Religion in Dianetics and Scientology, 1950–1986 |title=Handbook of Scientology |volume=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor2-last=Hellesoy |editor2-first=Kjersti |publisher=Brill |year=2017 |isbn=9789004330542 |doi=10.1163/9789004330542_004 |pages=47–103}}</ref>

<ref name="reitman">{{cite book |last=Reitman |first=Janet |author-link=Janet Reitman |title=Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion |title-link=Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion |date=2011 |isbn=9780618883028 |ol=24881847M |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] }}</ref>

<ref name="rinder">{{cite book |title=A Billion Years: My Escape From a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology |first=Mike |last=Rinder |author-link=Mike Rinder |year=2022 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=9781982185763}}</ref>

<ref name="SHOM">{{cite book |title=Scientology: A History of Man |title-link=Scientology: A History of Man |first=L. Ron |last=Hubbard |author-link=L. Ron Hubbard |year=1988 |publisher=[[Bridge Publications]] |isbn=8773365378 |ol=2127011M}}</ref>

<ref name=Swe15>{{cite news |last1=Sweeney |first1=John |title=Going Clear: the film Scientologists don't want you to see |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/apr/28/going-clear-the-film-scientologists-dont-want-you-to-see |work=The Guardian |date=28 April 2015}}</ref>

<ref name=thebridge>{{cite web |url=https://www.whatisscientology.org/html/Part02/Chp06/img/grdchart.gif |title=The Bridge to Total Freedom : Scientology Classification Gradation and Awareness Chart of Levels and Certificates |type=Chart |publisher=[[Church of Scientology]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402073924/https://www.whatisscientology.org/html/Part02/Chp06/img/grdchart.gif |archive-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="urban">{{cite book|last=Urban|first=Hugh B. |author-link=Hugh Urban |title=The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion |title-link=The Church of Scientology: A History of a New Religion |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=9780691146089}}</ref>

<ref name="wakefield">{{cite book |last=Wakefield |first=Margery |title=Understanding Scientology: The Demon Cult |date=2009 |publisher=[[Lulu.com]] |isbn=9780557109265 |ol= |at=Chapter 6 : Grade 0 to Clear -- The Yellow Brick Road to Total Freedom}}</ref>

<ref name="winter">{{cite book | last = Winter | first = Joseph A. | author-link = Joseph A. Winter | year = 1951 | title = A Doctor's Report on Dianetics |title-link=A Doctor's Report on Dianetics | publisher = Hermitage House | location = New York, NY}}</ref>

<ref name="wright">{{cite book |last=Wright |first=Lawrence |author-link=Lawrence Wright |title=Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood and the Prison of Belief |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |isbn=9780307700667 |ol=25424776M |title-link=Going Clear (book)}}</ref>

</references>