Editing Rajneesh (section)

===Childhood and adolescence: 1931–1950===
Rajneesh (a childhood nickname from the [[Sanskrit]] {{lang|sa|रजनी}}, {{Transliteration|sa|rajanee}}, "night", and {{lang|sa|ईश}}, {{Transliteration|sa|isha}}, "lord") was born Chandra Mohan Jain into a [[Jain]] family to ''Babulal'' and ''Saraswati Jain''. He was the eldest of eleven children of a cloth merchant. He was born at his maternal grandparents’ home in Kuchwada, a small village in the [[Raisen District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in India.<ref name=Mullan10-11>{{harvnb|Mullan|1983|pp=10–11}}</ref><ref name=Mangalwadi88>{{harvnb|Mangalwadi|1992|p=88}}</ref><ref name="JSG21">{{harvnb|Gordon|1987|p=21}}</ref> His parents were followers of the Digambar Jain monk [[Taran Svami]]. They arranged for him to live with his maternal grandparents until the age of eight.<ref name="BM11">{{harvnb|Mullan|1983|p=11}}</ref> According to Rajneesh, this profoundly influenced his development, as his grandmother gave him complete freedom from imposed education or restrictions.<ref>{{harvnb|Osho|1985|p=''passim''}}</ref>

When he was seven years old, his grandfather died, and he went to [[Gadarwara]] to live with his parents.<ref name=Mullan10-11 /><ref name=Joshi22-48 /> Rajneesh was profoundly affected by his grandfather's death, and again by the death of his childhood girlfriend Shashi from [[typhoid]] when he was 15, leading to a preoccupation with death that lasted throughout much of his childhood and youth.<ref name=Joshi22-48>{{harvnb|Joshi|1982|pp=22–25, 31, 45–48}}</ref><ref name="JSG22">{{harvnb|Gordon|1987|p=22}}</ref> In his school years, he was a gifted and rebellious student, and gained a reputation as a formidable debater.<ref name="FF1-77">{{harvnb|FitzGerald|1986a|p=77}}</ref> Rajneesh became critical of traditional religion, took an interest in many methods to expand consciousness, including [[Pranayama|breath control]], [[Yoga|yogic]] exercises, meditation, [[fasting]], [[Occult|the occult]], and [[hypnosis]]. According to Vasant Joshi, Rajneesh read widely from an early age; although he played sports as a young boy, reading was his primary interest.<ref name=":5" /> After showing an interest in the writings of [[Marx]] and [[Engels]], he was branded a [[communist]] and was threatened with expulsion from school. According to Joshi, with the help of friends, he built a small library containing mostly communist literature. Rajneesh, according to his uncle Amritlal, also formed a group of young people that regularly discussed communist ideology and their opposition to religion.<ref name=":5" />

Rajneesh was later to say, "I have been interested in communism from my very childhood...communist literature — perhaps there is no book that is missing from my library. I have signed and dated each book before 1950. Small details are so vivid before me, because that was my first entry into the intellectual world. First I was deeply interested in communism, but finding that it is a corpse I became interested in [[anarchism]] — that was also a Russian phenomenon — [[Prince Kropotkin]], [[Mikhail Bakunin|Bakunin]], [[Leo Tolstoy]]. All three were anarchists: no state, no government in the world."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anand Urmila|first=Ma|title=Osho: Call of the Ocean|publisher=Zorba Designs, Hotel Surya Villa, Koregaon Park, Pune|year=2007|location=India|pages=101}}</ref>

He became briefly associated with [[socialism]] and two Indian nationalist organisations: the [[Indian National Army]] and the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]].<ref name="FF1-77" /><ref name="JSG23">{{harvnb|Gordon|1987|p=23}}</ref><ref name="Joshi38">{{harvnb|Joshi|1982|p=38}}</ref> However, his membership in the organisations was short-lived as he could not submit to any external discipline, ideology, or system.<ref>{{harvnb|Joshi|1982|p=11}}</ref>