Editing Politics of Mexico (section)

== Political parties ==
{{Main|List of political parties in Mexico}}
[[File:Alegoría de la Constitución de 1857.jpg|upright|thumb|''Allegory of the Constitution of 1857'', by Petronilo Monroy, 1869.]]

Constitutionally, political parties in Mexico must promote the participation of the people in the democratic life of the country, contribute to the representation of the nation and citizens, and be the access through which citizens can participate in public office, through whatever programs, principles, and ideals they postulate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://constitucion.gob.mx/index.php?art_id=41 |title=Article 41, Political Constitution of the United Mexican States |access-date=2007-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011707/http://constitucion.gob.mx/index.php?art_id=41 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> All political parties must be registered with the [[National Electoral Institute]] ({{langx|es|link=no|Instituto Nacional Electoral}}, INE), the institution in charge of organizing and overseeing the federal electoral processes, and must obtain at least 3% of votes in the federal elections to keep their registry. Registered political parties receive public funding for their operation and can also get private funding within the limits prescribed by the law.
As of {{CURRENTYEAR}}, the following political parties are registered with the INE, and all have representatives in the Congress of the Union:
* The [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] ({{lang|es|Partido Acción Nacional}}, PAN), founded in 1939;
* The [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] ({{lang|es|Partido Revolucionario Institucional}}, PRI), founded in 1929;
* The [[Ecologist Green Party of Mexico|Green Ecological Party]] ({{lang|es|Partido Verde Ecologista de México}}, PVEM), founded in 1986 but lost its registration for two consecutive elections; it has retained its registration since 1993;
* The [[Labor Party (Mexico)|Labor Party]] ({{lang|es|Partido del Trabajo}}, PT), founded in 1990;
* [[Citizens' Movement (Mexico)|Citizens’ Movement]] ({{lang|es|Movimiento Ciudadano}}, MC), founded in 1999;
* The [[Morena (political party)|National Regeneration Movement]] ({{lang|es|Morena}}), founded in 2014;

[[File:YoPrefieroLago20181025_ohs04.jpg|thumb|right|Public consultation]]

Political parties can form alliances or coalitions to nominate candidates for any particular election. The coalition must identify itself with a specific name and logo. [[Electoral regions of Mexico|Proportional representation (plurinominal)]] seats are assigned to it based on the percentage of votes obtained in the elections. Then, it reassigns them to the constituent political parties. Once each party in the coalition has been assigned plurinominal seats, they do not necessarily continue to work as a coalition in government.

Throughout the 20th century, the PRI had an almost hegemonic power at the state and federal levels, which slowly began to recede in the late 1980s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peschard-Sverdrup |first1=Armand |last2=Rioff |first2=Sara |title=Mexican Governance: From Single-party Rule to Divided Government |date=April 20, 2005 |publisher=Center for Strategic & International Studies |isbn=978-0892064571 |edition=1}}</ref> Even though since the 1940s, the PAN had won a couple of seats in Congress and its first presidential municipality (in {{lang|es|[[Quiroga, Michoacán]]|italic=no}}) in 1947,<ref>[https://www.pan.org.mx/?P=363 Efemérides del PAN]</ref> it wasn't until 1989 that the first non-PRI state governor was elected (in {{lang|es|[[Baja California]]|italic=no}}). It was in 1997 that the PRI lost its absolute majority in the Congress of the Union. In 2000, the first non-PRI President since 1929 was elected in what was regarded as the cleanest Mexican election since the end of the [[Mexican Revolution]] in 1920.<ref>Duncan, Raymond. "Mexico's Democratic Transition: The Search for New Reform Coalitions" in ''Law and Business Reviews of the Americas''. Mexico: 2003, p. 283.</ref>

=== Major political parties ===
[[File:Elecciones_legislativas_de_México_de_2024_por_distrito_federal.svg|thumb|right|Parties that won seats in the 2024 Chamber of Deputies election. Results by constituency. [[Morena (political party)|Morena]] (maroon), [[Ecologist Green Party of Mexico]] ([[Chartreuse (color)|yellow-green]]), [[Labor Party (Mexico)|Labor Party]] (red), [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] (blue), [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] (green), [[Party of the Democratic Revolution]] (yellow), and [[Citizens' Movement (Mexico)|Citizens' Movement]] (orange).]]

Since {{circa|2014}}, four political parties have dominated the politics of Mexico: the [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]] (PRI), the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] (PAN), the [[Party of the Democratic Revolution]] (PRD), and the [[Morena (political party)|National Regeneration Movement]] (Morena). 

Founded in 1929 as the ''Partido Nacional Revolucionario'' ("National Revolutionary Party"), the PRI dominated Mexican politics for over 70 years, bringing to power 11 different governments.

The PAN, founded in 1939, did not win its first governorship until 1989; its candidates won the presidency in [[2000 Mexican presidential election|2000]] and [[2006 Mexican presidential election|2006]].

The PRD's beginnings date back to 1988 when dissident members of the PRI decided to challenge the leadership and nominated [[Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas]] for President of Mexico. Cárdenas lost in a highly contested election, but a new political party was born, and the party emerged as a third force in Mexican politics, even though it never captured the presidency.

Morena grew out of a dispute between [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] and other PRD leaders after losing in the [[2012 Mexican general election|2012 presidential election]]. Morena won official recognition in 2014 and dominated the [[2018 Mexican general election|2018]] and [[2024 Mexican general election|2024 elections]].

According to a 2017 survey by the [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]], 74 percent of Mexicans believe that Mexico's electoral system is not transparent and distrust official results. However, [[Freedom House]] shows that popular belief in [[free and fair election]]s has increased ever since.