Editing One World Family Commune (section)

== One World Family Commune ==
[[File:Amoeba Music Berkeley.jpg|thumb|[[Amoeba Music]] formerly One World Family Natural Foods and Entertainment Center]]
Then 51 years old, Noonan formed the One World Family Commune (OWFC), shortly after moving to San Francisco. It was composed of adherents to the channelings of the Everlasting Gospel; he would later register it as the [[Universal Industrial Church of the New World Comforter]].<ref>Tumminia, pp. 54–55.</ref> Noonan preached that he was Allen Michael the New World Comforter, channeling the plan of the God Mind or Universal Mind of ETI – Extra Territorial Intelligence "setting up the world environment into creative schools of experience, providing food, clothing, shelter, care, recreation and transportation for all of the people on the planet as one family."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Michael|first=Allen|title=Serving Humanity|url=https://galacticmessenger.com/allen-michael-serving-humanity/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117051546/https://galacticmessenger.com/allen-michael-serving-humanity/|archive-date=2021-01-17|access-date=2021-03-16|website=Galactic Mesenger|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite news|last=Ramella|first=Richard|date=12 December 1973|title=Noonan spreads the galactic word|page=13|work=The Berkeley Gazette|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/608425648/?terms=%22One%20World%20Family%22&match=1}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite news|date=5 September 1969|title=commune 'envoy' recruiting here|page=15|work=[[The Honolulu Advertiser]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/261011951/?terms=%22one%20world%20family%20commune%22&match=1}}</ref> OFWC, like other [[New Age]] and [[hippie]] communities, was largely composed of [[Youth|young people]], motivated by rejection of capitalism, western religion, search for closer connection to nature through [[macrobiotic diet]] and [[Psychedelic drug|psychedelics]], embracement of [[Intentional community|communal living]] and non-monogamous relationships.<ref name=":152">{{Cite web|last=Rainer|first=Del|title=My Life In The One World Family Commune|url=https://galacticmessenger.com/my-life-in-the-one-world-family-commune/2/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=Galactic Messenger|page=2|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":172">{{Cite news|last=H. Ward|first=Hiley|date=May 9, 1970|title=The Trees Are Alive at Dawn As Hippie Communes Seek God|page=4|work=[[Detroit Free Press]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/98904500|access-date=February 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Weinstein|first=Henry Elliot|date=6 September 1970|title=College-educated rebels spurn conventional careers|page=25|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/435469351/?terms=berkeley%20%20%22one%20world%20family%20commune%22%20larkspur&match=1}}</ref> At that time OWFC actively recruited members and attained national recognition when [[Chip Oliver]], starting linebacker for the [[History of the Oakland Raiders|Oakland Raiders]] joined the commune.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19">{{Cite news|date=11 May 1970|title=Raider Joins Hippy Colony|page=66|work=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/184961155/?terms=%22one%20world%20family%22%20chip%20oliver&match=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Acton|first1=Jay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fIBmAAAAMAAJ&q=One+World+Family+Commune|title=Mug Shots; Who's who in the New Earth|last2=LeMond|first2=Alan|last3=Hodges|first3=Parker|date=1972|publisher=World Pub.|isbn=978-0-529-04513-3|language=en}}</ref>

Soon after forming the commune, Noonan opened "Here and Now" in the [[Haight-Ashbury|Haight and Ashbury]] area of [[San Francisco]], the first vegetarian restaurant in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kauffman|first=Jonathan|date=2018-01-19|title=How the Bay Area's counterculture helped sprout hippie food|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/How-the-Bay-Area-s-counterculture-helped-sprout-12510811.php|access-date=2021-03-07|website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=Drew Eliot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GP_RAAAAMAAJ&q=One+World+Family+Commune|title=Topography of Taste: Globalization, Cultural Politics, and the Making of California Cuisine|date=1999|publisher=University of Wisconsin—Madison|language=en}}</ref> In 1968, Noonan was arrested and served six months in jail for selling marijuana to an undercover officer posing as an astronomy teacher.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1972-05-18|title='Family' will appeal in must-marry ruling|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/625311873/?terms=One%20World%20Family%20Commune&match=1|access-date=2021-07-25|website=[[Newspapers.com]]|publisher=[[The Miami Herald]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> The commune left San Francisco in 1969, opening Mustard Seed restaurants and communes in [[Marin County, California|Marin County]] – Mill Valley and Larkspur; and the city of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] across the [[San Francisco Bay]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Nevin|first=George|date=21 September 1970|title=One World Family, Commune Faces Displacement|page=15|work=[[Marin Independent Journal|Daily Independent Journal]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/88107414/?terms=%22one%20world%20family%20commune%22&match=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Nevin|first=George|date=22 September 1970|title=One World Family, Life in a Commune: Love-Service Done|page=15|work=[[Marin Independent Journal|Daily Independent Journal]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/88107472/?terms=one%20world%20family%20commune&match=1}}</ref><ref name=":163">{{Cite news|last=Dian|first=|date=10 January 1971|title=What the readers think|work=[[San Francisco Examiner]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460404872}}</ref> The following year, and due to the communes association with [[counterculture]], the restaurant was evicted by the landlord of its location in Mill Valley forcing the Larkspur commune to relocate and combine with OFWC branch in Berkeley.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":163" />{{Refn|The Larkspur commune was also threatened eviction by the city due to its prohibition on five or more unrelated people living together.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nevin|first=George|date=23 September 1970|title=Larkspur Had Policy On Commune Housing|page=7|work=[[Marin Independent Journal|Daily Independent Journal]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/88107529/?terms=%22one%20world%20family%20commune%22&match=1}}</ref>|group=n}}

In 1970, the Berkeley's Mustard Seed restaurant was briefly closed, before reopening under a different name.<ref name=":162">{{Cite web|title=10 Jan 1971, 212 – The San Francisco Examiner at Newspapers.com|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/460404872/?terms=%22mustard%20seed%22%20restaurant%20berkeley&match=1|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}</ref> One World Family Natural Foods and Entertainment Center was located in a large building on [[Telegraph Avenue]] and Haste Street in [[Southside, Berkeley, California|Southside]] part of Berkeley.<ref name=":62" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Conroy|first=Ed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytzxIqH8UDwC&q=One+World+Family+Commune|title=Report on Communion|date=1990|publisher=Avon Books|isbn=978-0-380-70811-6|language=en}}</ref>{{Refn|group=n|In 1990 that building became the founding home of the renowned [[Amoeba Music]] record stores.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kruth|first=John|date=February 14, 2021|title=Amoeba Music: Marc Weinstein's thirty-year odyssey curating California's musical treasures|url=https://www.waxpoetics.com/article/marc-weinstein-s-thirty-year-odyssey-curating-california-s-musical-treasure|website=WaxPoetics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pereira|first=Alyssa|date=September 28, 2016|title=Amoeba Music Berkeley gets license to open pot dispensary|url=https://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Amoeba-Music-Berkeley-gets-license-to-open-9379927.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816181255/https://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Amoeba-Music-Berkeley-gets-license-to-open-9379927.php|archive-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref>}} It also included a pizzeria, "Far Outfits" airbrushed clothing store, bakery and a performance hall.<ref name=":152"/><ref name=":163" /> In 1970, Noonan changed his last name to "Michael," telling that he was taken to planet Altamira and assigned the duties of [[Michael (archangel)|Archangel Michael]].<ref name=":7">Tumminia, pp. 47, 50.</ref>

At that time the popularity of [[University of California, Berkeley|University of California]] [[Fraternities and sororities|Greek Life]] was decreasing with many near campus fraternities and sororities being unable maintain their leases, and were often replaced by student [[cooperative]]s and religious organizations.<ref name=":172" /><ref name=":722">{{Cite news|last=Daniels|first=Carol|date=Jan 19, 1972|title=Frat Houses Get Different Occupants|page=19|work=[[The Indianapolis News]]|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/312564605/?terms=berkeley%20%20%22one%20world%20family%20commune%22%20acacia&match=1|access-date=}}</ref> In 1970 the Berkeley branch rented the former residence of [[Acacia (fraternity)|Acacia fraternity]] on [[Piedmont Avenue (Berkeley)|Piedmont Avenue]], this was followed by another move, and by early 1973 the OWFC settled at 2405 and 2415 Prospect street houses, its final Berkeley location.<ref name=":152" /><ref name=":62" /> The houses were named ''Novida'' and ''Altamira'' and in 1973 were home to 55 adults and 25 children.<ref name=":62" /> At one point the commune had over 100 members in the United States.<ref name=":62" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jaramillo|first=Paula|date=2015|title=Communal Living Sketches in Berkeley|url=https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Communal_Living_Sketches_in_Berkeley|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213184233/https://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=Communal_Living_Sketches_in_Berkeley|archive-date=2021-02-13|access-date=2021-03-26|website=Found SF}}</ref> With embracing "Holding all things in common" being one of their principles, all OWFC income was shared within the commune, no one drawing personal wages, with members performing daily 5 hour "love service" work shifts. At that time the commune experienced its most active period, at this stage it welcomed new members, but did not prevent members from leaving.<ref name=":62" />

In 1973 the commune was officially registered as a religious organization – [[UFO religion#Universal Industrial Church of the New World Comforter|The Universal Industrial Church of the New World Comforter]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4OczQEACAAJ&q=One+World+Family+Commune|title=Get with the New Age Synthesis Party: Allen Michael, Candidate for the Presidency of the United States|date=1979|publisher=Synthesis Party|language=en}}</ref> Two books – ''To the Youth of The World'' and a vegetarian cookbook – ''Cosmic Cookery,'' were published the same year.<ref name=":73">{{Cite web|last=Rainer|first=Del|title=My Life In The One World Family Commune|url=https://galacticmessenger.com/my-life-in-the-one-world-family-commune/3/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Galactic Messenger|page=3|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">Tuminia p. 55</ref> During this period the group began practicing Natural Selection a [[Tantric sex|tantric yoga]] group sexual activity. Participation was purely voluntary as a way for the adult members to express their sexuality and share in extended relationships if desired and agreed upon with one another. One of the members stated that: "We could see the benefit of going beyond the mortal-minded status quo programming in order to provide for one another the health benefits in exchanging hormones and energies in right sexing and the accompanying increased telepathic communication, while at the same time ridding ourselves of false programming of shame, guilt, jealousy and possessiveness."<ref name=":152" /><ref name=":3" />

In 1974 commune opened a smaller version of the restaurant, including an air brushed t-shirt store on Maui, Hawaii.<ref name=":73" /> By 1975 the commune began decreasing in size and due to financial struggle and the selling of two houses to [[Berkeley Student Cooperative]] by their landowner, the commune relocated to a twelve bedroom mansion in [[Stockton, California|Stockton]].<ref name=":73" /><ref name=":113">{{Cite web|title=Our History {{!}} Berkeley Student Cooperative|url=https://www.bsc.coop/about-us/our-history|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.bsc.coop}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> That same year it released a music album – ''Quazar – One World Family – Extraterrestrial Music From ETI''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=365 Days #346 – Flying Saucers Unlimited / Extraterrestrial Music From ETI (mp3s)|url=https://blog.wfmu.org/freeform/2007/12/365-days-346--.html|access-date=2021-07-31|website=WFMU's Beware of the Blog}}</ref>{{Refn|Music has always been considered an important part of OWFC. Several bands were formed to both perform within the community as well tour and pass on their religious practices.<ref>{{Cite web|title=My Life In The One World Family Commune – Page 2 – Galactic Messenger|url=https://galacticmessenger.com/my-life-in-the-one-world-family-commune/2/|access-date=2021-03-07|language=en-US}}</ref>|group=n}}

By 1978 group size decreased to twenty adults.<ref name=":4">Tumminia p. 55</ref> Throughout its existence the commune has remained politically active, rejecting growth of capitalism and promoting pacifism. In 1980 Allen Michael ran for President of the United States, campaigning on cancellation of money debts and establishing of a system were everything is free and shared by everyone.<ref name=":2"/> Over the years the group slowly decreased in size, moving to several locations before Allen Michael's death when he was 93 years old in 2010. At the time there were four people in their 60s living together and practicing their beliefs.<ref name=":73" /><ref>Tumminnia p. 57</ref>