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==Bibliography== ===Books=== {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *{{cite book |last=Balch |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Balch |editor=James R. Lewis |title=The Gods Have Landed: New Religions from Other Worlds |year=1995 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-2330-1 |chapter=Waiting for the Ships: Disillusionment and the Revitalization of Faith in Bo and Peep's UFO Cult |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/godshavelandedne0000unse}} *{{cite book |last1=Balch |first1=Robert |last2=Taylor |first2=David |editor=[[David G. Bromley]] and [[J. Gordon Melton]] |title=Cults, Religion, and Violence |year=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-66898-9 |chapter=Making Sense of the Heaven's Gate Suicides}} *{{cite book |last1=Balch |first1=Robert |last2=Taylor |first2=David |editor=James R. Lewis |title=Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions |year=2003 |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |isbn=978-1-57392-964-6 |chapter=Heaven's Gate: Implications for the Study of Commitment to New Religions}} *{{cite book |last=Chryssides |first=George D. |author-link=George D. Chryssides |title=Controversial New Religions |title-link=Controversial New Religions |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-515682-9 |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |edition=1st |location=New York |language=en |chapter="Come On Up, and I Will Show Thee": Heaven's Gate as a Postmodern Group |editor-last2=Petersen |editor-first2=Jesper Aagaard}} *{{cite book |last=Daniels |first=Ted |title=A Doomsday Reader: Prophets, Predictors, and Hucksters of Salvation |title-link=A Doomsday Reader |year=1999 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-1909-1 |chapter=Comet Halle-Bopp, Planet Nibiru, the Mass Landing, and Heaven's Gate}} *{{cite book |last=Goerman |first=Patricia |editor=George D. Chryssides |title=Heaven's Gate: Postmodernity and Popular Culture in a Suicide Group |year=2011 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-6374-4 |chapter=Heaven's Gate: The Dawning of a New Religious Movement}} *{{cite book |last=Grünschloß |first=Andreas |author-link=Andreas Grünschloß |date=2003 |title=Ufological Discourses in Germany}} in {{Harvnb|Partridge|2003}} *{{cite book |last=Hall |first=John R. |title=Apocalypse Observed: Religious Movements, and Violence in North America, Europe, and Japan |title-link=Apocalypse Observed |year=2000 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-19276-7 |chapter=Finding Heaven's Gate}} *{{cite book |last=Lalich |first=Janja |author-link=Janja Lalich |title=Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults |title-link=Bounded Choice |year=2004 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24018-6 |ref={{sfnRef|Lalich, ''Bounded Choice''|2004}}}} *{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |author-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title= Legitimating Suicide: Heaven's Gate and New Age Ideology |date = 2003}} in {{Harvnb|Partridge|2003}} *{{cite book |last=McCutcheon |first=Russell T. |author-link=Russell T. McCutcheon |title=The Discipline of Religion: Structure, Meaning, Rhetoric |year=2003 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-27490-6}} *{{cite book |last=Lifton |first=Robert Jay |author-link=Robert Jay Lifton |title=Destroying the World to Save it: Aum Shinrikyō, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism |year=2000 |publisher=Macmillan Publishers |isbn=978-0-8050-6511-4}} *{{cite book |last=Partridge |first=Christopher |author-link=Christopher Partridge |editor-last=Newport |editor-first=Kenneth G. C. |editor-last2=Gribben |editor-first2=Crawford |title=Expecting the End: Millennialism in Social And Historical Context |year=2006 |publisher=Baylor University Press |chapter=The Eschatology of Heaven's Gate |isbn=978-1-932792-38-6}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Partridge |editor-first=Christopher |editor-link=Christopher Partridge |title= UFO Religions |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-4152-6324-5 |ol=7489025M}} *{{cite book |last=Peters |first=Ted |editor=James R. Lewis |title=Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions |year=2003 |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=978-1-57392-964-6 |chapter=UFOs, Heaven's Gate, and the Theology of Suicide}} *{{cite book |last=Wessinger |first=Catherine |author-link=Catherine Wessinger |title=How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to Heaven's Gate |title-link=How the Millennium Comes Violently |date=2000 |publisher=Seven Bridges Press |isbn=978-1-889119-24-3 |language=en}} *{{cite book |last=Zeller |first=Benjamin E. |author-link=Benjamin E. Zeller |title=Prophets and Protons: New Religious Movements and Science in Late Twentieth-Century America |year=2010 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-9720-4 |ref={{sfnRef|Zeller, ''Prophets and Protons''|2010}}}} *{{cite book |last=Zeller |first=Benjamin E. |author-link=Benjamin E. Zeller |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Violence and New Religious Movements |title-link=Violence and New Religious Movements |chapter=The Euphemization of Violence: The Case of Heaven's Gate |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-973563-1}} {{Refend}} ===Journals=== {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *{{cite journal |last=Davis |first=Winston |title=Heaven's Gate: A Study of Religious Obedience |journal=[[Nova Religio]] |year=2000 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=241–267 |doi=10.1525/nr.2000.3.2.241 |publisher=University of California Press}} *{{cite journal |last=Feltmate |first=David |title=New Religious Movements in Animated Adult Sitcoms—A Spectrum of Portrayals |journal=Religion Compass |year=2011 |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=343–54 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |doi=10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00287.x |ref=none}} *{{cite journal |last=Lalich |first=Janja |title=Using the Bounded Choice Model as an Analytical Tool: A Case Study of Heaven's Gate |journal=[[Cultic Studies Review]] |year=2004 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=226–247 |publisher=[[International Cultic Studies Association]] |ref={{sfnRef|Lalich, "Using the Bounded Choice Model"|2004}}}} *{{cite journal |last=Raine |first=Susan |title=Reconceptualising the Human Body: Heaven's Gate and the Quest for Divine Transformation |journal=[[Religion (journal)|Religion]] |year=2005 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=98–117 |doi=10.1016/j.religion.2005.06.003 |publisher=Elsevier |s2cid=144033418}} *{{cite journal |last=Urban |first=Hugh |title=The Devil at Heaven's Gate: Rethinking the Study of Religion in the Age of Cyber-Space |journal=Nova Religio |year=2000 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=268–302 |doi=10.1525/nr.2000.3.2.268 |publisher=University of California Press |url=http://nr.ucpress.edu/content/3/2/268.full.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2018 |access-date=September 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721190739/http://nr.ucpress.edu/content/3/2/268.full.pdf |url-status=dead }} *{{cite journal |last=Zeller |first=Benjamin E. |author-link=Benjamin E. Zeller |title=Scaling Heaven's Gate: Individualism and Salvation in a New Religious Movement |journal=Nova Religio |year=2006 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=75–102 |doi=10.1525/nr.2006.10.2.75 |publisher=University of California Press}} *{{cite journal |last=Zeller |first=Benjamin E. |author-link=Benjamin E. Zeller |title=Extraterrestrial Biblical Hermeneutics and the Making of Heaven's Gate |journal=Nova Religio |year=2010 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=34–60 |doi=10.1525/nr.2010.14.2.34 |publisher=University of California Press |ref={{sfnRef|Zeller, "Extraterrestrial Biblical Hermeneutics"|2010}}}} {{Refend}} ===Magazines=== {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *{{cite journal |last=Dahir |first=Mubarak |title=Heaven's Scapegoat |journal=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]] |date=May 13, 1997 |pages=35–7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2QEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35 |access-date=June 11, 2012}} *{{cite journal |last=Lippert |first=Barbara |title=Cult Fiction |journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |date=April 14, 1997 |pages=30–3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-gCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30 |access-date=June 11, 2012}} *{{cite journal |last=Miller |first=Mark |title=Secrets Of The Cult |journal=[[Newsweek]] |date=April 13, 1997 |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/1997/04/13/secrets-of-the-cult.html |access-date=June 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204064755/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/1997/04/13/secrets-of-the-cult.html |archive-date=February 4, 2013 |url-status=dead}} *{{cite journal |last=Woodward |first=Kenneth |title=Christ And Comets |journal=Newsweek |date=April 6, 1997 |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/1997/04/06/christ-and-comets.html |access-date=July 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203172140/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/1997/04/06/christ-and-comets.html |archive-date=February 3, 2013 |url-status=dead}} {{Refend}} ===Newspapers=== {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *{{cite news |title=Cult's Founder Turned from Music to UFOs |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WfZJAAAAIBAJ&pg=3096,8762810 |access-date=June 10, 2012 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 28, 1997 |ref={{sfnRef|Associated Press, March 28, 1997}}}} *{{cite news |title=Heaven's Gate: A Timeline |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20070318/news_lz1n18timelin.html |access-date=June 10, 2012 |newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |date=March 18, 2007 |ref={{sfnRef|''The San Diego Union-Tribune'', "Heaven's Gate: A Timeline"|1997}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018093208/http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20070318/news_lz1n18timelin.html |archive-date=October 18, 2012}} *{{cite news |last=Bearak |first=Barry |title=Eyes on Glory: Pied Pipers of Heaven's Gate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/28/us/eyes-on-glory-pied-pipers-of-heaven-s-gate.html |access-date=June 11, 2012 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 28, 1997}} *{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Ron |title=Mysterious Couple may be the Founders of Suicide Cult |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19970328&id=0U8eAAAAIBAJ&pg=4458,3789209 |access-date=July 10, 2012 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=March 28, 1997}} *{{cite news |last=Jones |first=J. Harry |title=Heaven's Gate Revisited |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20070318/news_lz1n18heaven.html |access-date=June 10, 2012 |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune |date=March 18, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305135754/http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20070318/news_lz1n18heaven.html |archive-date=March 5, 2014}} *{{cite news |last=Monmaney |first=Terence |title=Free Will, or Thought Control? |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-04-mn-45358-story.html |access-date=June 15, 2012 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=April 4, 1997}} *{{cite news |last=Steinberg |first=Jacques |title=From Religious Childhood To Reins of a U.F.O. Cult |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/29/us/from-religious-childhood-to-reins-of-a-ufo-cult.html |access-date=June 11, 2012 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 29, 1997}} {{Refend}} {{Wikiquote}} {{Heaven's Gate}} {{New Religious Movements}} {{Authority control}} {{Featured article}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Applewhite, Marshall}} [[Category:1931 births]] [[Category:1997 suicides]] [[Category:1997 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century apocalypticists]] [[Category:20th-century American clergy]] [[Category:20th-century American LGBTQ people]] [[Category:20th-century United States Army personnel]] [[Category:American founders]] [[Category:American members of the clergy convicted of crimes]] [[Category:American music educators]] [[Category:American people convicted of theft]] [[Category:Austin College alumni]] [[Category:Castrated people]] [[Category:Founders of new religious movements]] [[Category:Former Presbyterians]] [[Category:Converts from Presbyterianism]] [[Category:Converts to new religious movements from Christianity]] [[Category:Heaven's Gate (religious group)]] [[Category:LGBTQ people from Texas]] [[Category:Male suicides]] [[Category:People extradited within the United States]] [[Category:Clergy from Houston]] [[Category:People from Spur, Texas]] [[Category:Self-declared messiahs]] [[Category:Suicides by poison]] [[Category:Suicides in California]] [[Category:Union Presbyterian Seminary alumni]] [[Category:United States Army soldiers]] [[Category:United States Army Signal Corps personnel]] [[Category:University of Alabama faculty]] [[Category:University of Colorado Boulder alumni]] [[Category:Ancient astronauts proponents]] [[Category:Sexual abstinence and religion]] [[Category:LGBTQ clergy]] [[Category:Suicides by asphyxiation]] [[Category:American celibacy advocates]] [[Category:People with mood disorders]] [[Category:LGBTQ people who died by suicide]]
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