Editing Anti-cult movement (section)

==== United Kingdom ====
{{See also|The Family Survival Trust|Cult Information Centre|Reachout Trust}}
In the UK, [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] [[Paul Rose (British politician)|Paul Rose]] established the first major British anti-cult group called [[The Family Survival Trust|FAIR]] (Family Action Information and Rescue/Resource) in 1976.<ref name=":4" /> In 1987, [[Ian Haworth]] founded the [[Cult Information Centre]].<ref>Elisabeth Arweck. "Anti-Cult Movement: FAIR, Cult Information Centre (CIC)." In ''Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements'', edited by [[Peter B. Clarke]], 35–37. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 37.</ref> Other groups like [[Deo Gloria Trust]], [[Reachout Trust]], [[Graham Baldwin|Catalyst]], [[People's Organised Workshop on Ersatz Religion]], and [[Cultists Anonymous]] also grew during the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>[[The Family Survival Trust|Casey McCann]]. "The British Anti-Cult Movement... A View From Within." ''[[Journal of Contemporary Religion]]'' 3, no. 2 (1986): 6–8.</ref><ref name=":4">George D. Chryssides. "Britain's Anti-cult movement." In ''New Religious Movements: Changes and Responses'', edited by Jamie Cresswell and Bryan Wilson, 257–273. London and New York: Routledge, 1999.</ref><ref name=":0" />

In 1968, after a large movement from the public to investigate Scientology's effects on the health and well-being of its adherents, [[Minister of Health (United Kingdom)|Minister of Health]] [[Kenneth Robinson (British politician)|Kenneth Robinson]] implemented measures to prevent the immigration of foreign and [[British Commonwealth|Commonwealth]] Scientologists into the United Kingdom.<ref>John A. Robilliard. ''Religion and the Law: Religious Liberty in Modern English Law.'' Manchester and Dover, NH: Manchester University Press, 1984. 106–109.</ref><ref>Richardson and van Driel, "New Religious Movements in Europe," 154.</ref> One measure was the automatic denial of [[student visa]] applications for foreign nationals seeking to study at Hubbard College at [[East Grinstead]] or any other Scientological educational institution. Additionally, [[work permit]]s to foreign nationals seeking employment in Scientology establishments were restricted.<ref>Eileen Barker, "The British Right to Discriminate," ''[[Society (journal)|Society]]'' 21, no. 4 (1984): 35–41 [38–39].</ref><ref>Richardson and Van Driel, "New Religious Movements in Europe: Developments and Reactions," 154.</ref> These measures were lifted in 1980 after a [[Foster Report|1971 investigation]] headed by [[John Foster (MP for Northwich)|John G. Foster]] believed that the "Scientology ban" was unfair.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://ia803209.us.archive.org/1/items/FosterReportEnquiryIntoThePracticeAndEffectsOfScientology/Foster%20Report%20-%20Enquiry%20into%20the%20Practice%20and%20Effects%20of%20Scientology.pdf |first=John |last=Foster |author-link=John Foster (MP for Northwich) | title = Enquiry into the Practice and Effects of Scientology | publisher = [[Her Majesty's Stationery Office]], London | date = December 1971}} UK National Archive piece reference [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=8070954&CATLN=6&accessmethod=5&j=1 MH 153/606]. ([https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Cowen/audit/fosthome.html alternative html version])</ref> Despite this investigation, the [[European Court of Justice]] ruled that the United Kingdom was entitled to refuse the right of entry to nationals of [[European Union]] [[member state]]s seeking employment in Scientology establishments.<ref name=":9">Barker, "British Right to Discriminate," 39.</ref> Sociologist [[Eileen Barker]] believes that three reasons led to the lifting of the "ban": (1) it was unenforceable, (2) it was hard to defend before the [[European Court of Human Rights]], and (3) it was unfair since it was the only new religious movement that received such treatment.<ref name=":9" /> In 1999, the Church of Scientology attempted to obtain charitable status through the [[Charity Commission for England and Wales|Charity Commission of England and Wales]], but their application was rejected and the Church did not appeal the decision.<ref name=":5">Johnathan Benthall. "Scientology's Winning Streak." ''Anthropology Weekly'' 30, no. 1 (2014): 3–4.</ref> In 2013, the [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom|UK Supreme Court]] ruled that the [[Scientology in the United Kingdom|Scientology chapel in London]] was a "place of meeting for religious worship" that could be registered as a place of marriage to the [[General Register Office|Registrar General of Births, Deaths and Marriages]].<ref name=":5" />