Editing Nuwaubian Nation (section)

===Race and black nationalism===

Race is a consistent theme in York's writings,{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=15}} which are steeped in [[black nationalism]].{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=2}} York regarded "Nubia" as the true name for Africa,{{sfn|Knight|2020|p=40}} and thus often referred to African Americans as "Nubians".{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=6}} Another term he used for Nubia was "Nuwauber" and in reference to this he called his followers "Nuwaubians".{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=6}} 
Palmer rejected the applicability of the term "black supremacist" to these teachings.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=xvii}} The Nuwaubians seek racial separatism, rather than acceptance and absorption into white-dominated society.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=xxiv}}
Palmer noted that the Nuwaubians' views on race were "complex and shifting",{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=xvii}} with the spiritual assessment of different racial groups changing throughout York's writings.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=17}} 

====The origins of racial difference====

In York's various writings he offered competing etiologies for human racial diversity.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=15}} During the AAC period of the movement's development, York claimed that there were three races of humanity: the Nubians or Cushites (black Africans), the Amorites (white Europeans, West and South Asians), and the Edomites (East Asians).{{sfn|Knight|2020|p=39}} Of these, the Nubians were presented as the original race, descended directly from [[Adam and Eve]].{{sfn|Barrett|2001|p=254}} At that point York also claimed that Native Americans were not a distinct race but the product of ancient interbreeding between Cushites and Edomites.{{sfn|Knight|2020|p=39}} He sometimes used the term "Canaanite" synonymously with "Amorite" but in other instances used "Canaanite" for what he regarded as a "sub-tribe" of white Amorites who had raped Nubian women and thus produced offspring with darker skin but straight hair; these, he identified as the peoples of West and South Asia.{{sfn|Knight|2020|p=41}}

York provided a different account of racial difference in his 1996 work ''Extraterrestrials Among Us''.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=16}} Here he claimed that black people are the descendants of extraterrestrials from the planet Rizq, a group he called the "Annunaqi Eloheem". He maintained that these extraterrestrials had to flee Rizq after it was threatened by rays from its three suns, Utu, Apsu, and Shamash.{{sfn|Gabriel|2003|p=157}} He described this species as being green-skinned, "beautiful angelic beings", but that as these extraterrestrials entered the Earth's atmosphere, the magnesium in their [[melanin]] was replaced by iron, changing the colour of their skin to dark brown.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=16}} He further maintained that they settled in ancient Egypt and established ancient Egyptian civilisation.{{sfn|Gabriel|2003|p=157}} White people, York claimed, instead descend from lizard-like "reptoids" while those he deemed racially [[Mongoloid]] came from the Terros.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=16}} 

York claimed that genetic tampering by extraterrestrials had resulted in humanity losing many its innate capacities, such as [[telepathy]] and [[clairvoyance]].{{sfn|Gabriel|2003|p=158}}
He maintained that various extraterrestrial species reside on Earth, concealed underground, but that they sometimes breed with humans.{{sfn|Gabriel|2003|p=159}} One such species that he claimed lived underground were the Deros, an obese species whose half-human offspring are similarly obese.{{sfn|Gabriel|2003|p=159}} Another of the subterranean species were the Teros; York claimed that when they bred with humans, the resulting offspring had [[Down syndrome]].{{sfn|Gabriel|2003|p=159}} In his text ''Is God an Extraterrestrial?'', York claimed that a new race was emerging, the Neutranoids, who lacked clear racial traits and were the puppets of forces wishing to undermine Earth's racial diversity.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|pp=16–17}}

====White people====

In Nuwaubian discourse, white people are referred to as "Palemen" or "Amorites".{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=39}} They are often framed negatively; in his 1990 publication ''The Paleman'', York writes that "The Pale race are a race of Jinn, Devils."{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=18}} In a recorded lecture, York openly described himself as a "racist" and insisted that "White people are devils, and always was, always will be."{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=18}} As part of this view, he characterised Judaism and Christianity as "religions of the Devil".{{sfn|Gabriel|2003|p=151}}

Among York's early writings, he maintained that white people are the result of the [[Curse of Ham]];{{sfn|Palmer|2010|pp=xx, 7}} in this he reversed a longstanding white supremacist claim in U.S. society that the Curse of Ham resulted in formation of black people.{{sfnm|1a1=Palmer|1y=2010|1pp=15-16|2a1=Knight|2y=2020|2p=40-41}} York attributed white people's pale skin to [[leprosy]],{{sfnm|1a1=Palmer|1y=2010|1p=xx|2a1=Knight|2y=2020|2p=16}} a notion that may have derived from two Black Hebrew figures who wrote in the 1920s, [[Clarke Jenkins]] and [[Father Hurley]].{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=15}} York further claimed, in ''The Paleman'', that Native Americans and Asians all have [[Down syndrome]], which he claimed was a side-effect of leprosy.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=17}} In an alternative account of York's, white people are described as the offspring of fallen angels who, after falling to Earth, mated with the wicked women of [[Land of Nod|Nod]].{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=40}} As part of this perspective, whites are presented as lacking the soul or spirit of Allah and are thus driven by instinct, lacking in compassion.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=40}} Elsewhere, York claimed that white people arose from the [[albinism|albinos]] born to [[Adam and Eve]], and that they were labelled "[[Cain]]", which he then claimed was a shortened form of the racial term "[[Caucasian race|Caucasian]]".{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=16}}

In contrast to the generally negative assessment of white people, the Nuwaubians have maintained that a few whites, known as "white angels", have the remnant of a soul and were sent to Earth to help black people. Examples that these practitioners cite are those European Americans who helped run the [[Underground Railroad]] to get enslaved African Americans away from the southern states.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=18}} The Nuwaubians add that through these actions, these white individuals may grow a soul, at which their skin will also darken.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|p=18}} Palmer observed various Nuwaubians who had little problem engaging in a friendly manner with white individuals.{{sfn|Palmer|2010|pp=xxi–xxii}}