Editing List of Scientologists (section)

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Andersen2009">{{Cite book |last1=Andersen |first1=Peter B. |last2=Wellendorf |first2=Rie |chapter=Community in Scientology and among Scientologists |title=Scientology|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=143–163 |isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 }}</ref>

<ref name=ASHOAudit>{{cite web |url=http://www.scientology-asho.org/AuditingAsACareer.htm |title=Auditing as a Career |publisher=American Saint Hill Organization, Church of Scientology |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818060116/http://www.scientology-asho.org/AuditingAsACareer.htm |archive-date=August 18, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name=AusBStat21>{{Cite report |date=2017 |title=Census 2016, Religious Affiliation by Sex (SA2+) |location=Canberra |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|url=https://explore.data.abs.gov.au/vis?tm=religion&pg=0&df[ds]=ABS_ABS_CENSUS_TOPICS&df[id]=ABS_C16_T10_SA&df[ag]=ABS&df[vs]=1.0.0&pd=2016%2C&dq=....0&ly[cl]=SEX_ABS&ly[rw]=RELP_2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Bainbridge">{{Cite book |last=Bainbridge |first=William Sims|author-link1=William Sims Bainbridge |chapter=The Cultural Context of Scientology |title=Scientology|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 |pages=35–51}}</ref>

<ref name="Barrett">{{Cite book |last=Barrett |first=David V. |title=The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions |publisher=Cassell and Co |year=2001 |isbn=978-0304355921 |location=London |ol=3999281M}}</ref>

<ref name="behar">{{cite magazine |first=Richard  |last=Behar |author-link=Richard Behar |url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,156952,00.html |title=Scientology: The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=May 6, 1991  |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200902/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,156952,00.html |archive-date=May 25, 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bigliardi">{{Cite journal |last=Bigliardi |first=Stefano |title=New Religious Movements, Technology, and Science: The Conceptualization of the E-Meter in Scientology Teachings |journal=Zygon |year=2016 |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=661–683 |doi=10.1111/zygo.12281 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bogdan">{{Cite book |last=Bogdan |first=Henrik |chapter=The Church of Scientology in Sweden|title=Scientology|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 | pages=335–344}}</ref>

<ref name="Bromley2007">{{Cite book | last1 = Bromley | first1 = David |author1-link=David G. Bromley | last2 = Cowan | first2 = Douglas |author2-link=Douglas E. Cowan | url = https://archive.org/details/cultsnewreligion0000cowa/page/24/mode/1up?view=theater&q=fastest+growing | title = Cults and new religions: a brief history |isbn=9781405161282 |date=2007 |page=24 | publisher = Wiley | access-date = July 29, 2013 |ol=17171942M}}</ref>

<ref name="Bromley2009">{{Cite book |title=Scientology |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493 |year=2009 |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 |ol=16943235M |chapter=Making Sense of Scientology: Prophetic, Contractual Religion |pages=83–102 |first=David G. |last=Bromley |author-link=David G. Bromley |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.003.0005}}</ref>

<ref name="canada1991">{{Cite book |author1-link=Kevin Boyle (lawyer) |last1=Boyle |first1=Kevin]] |last2=Sheen |first2=Juliet |date=1997 |title=Freedom of Religion and Belief |location=London/New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-15978-4 |page=102 |url=https://archive.org/details/freedomofreligio00boyl/page/102/mode/1up?ref=ol&q=canada+scientology+scientologist}}</ref>

<ref name="canada2011">{{cite report |date=2012 |title=2011 National Household Survey: Data tables: Religion |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=0&PID=105399&PRID=0&PTYPE=105277&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2013&THEME=95&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |location=Ottawa|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] }}</ref>

<ref name="canada2021">{{Cite report |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810034201|title=2021 Census: Religion by visible minority and generation status|date=2021 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |location=Ottawa}}</ref>

<ref name="canada2022">{{cite news |title=More Canadians than ever have no religious affiliation, census shows |url=https://okotoksonline.com/articles/more-canadians-than-ever-have-no-religious-affiliation-census-shows |access-date=October 5, 2025 |work=Okotoks Online |agency=Canadian Press |date=October 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027174206/https://okotoksonline.com/articles/more-canadians-than-ever-have-no-religious-affiliation-census-shows |archive-date=October 27, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="ceochurch">{{Multiref2 |1={{Cite news |title=The CEO and his church: How Bryan Zwan and Fellow Scientologists Shaped Digital Lightwave |first1=Deborah |last1=O'Neill |first2=Jeff |last2=Harrington |url=https://www.anderson.ucla.edu/documents/areas/adm/loeb/03b2.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628054133/https://www.anderson.ucla.edu/documents/areas/adm/loeb/03b2.pdf |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |work=[[St. Petersburg Times]] |via=[[UCLA Anderson School of Management]]}} |2=Shorter web version: {{Cite news |title=The CEO and his Church |first1=Deborah |last1=O'Neill |first2=Jeff |last2=Harrington |work=[[St. Petersburg Times]] |date=June 2, 2002 |url=http://www.sptimes.com/2002/06/02/TampaBay/The_CEO_and_his_churc.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606021938/http://www.sptimes.com/2002/06/02/TampaBay/The_CEO_and_his_churc.shtml |archive-date=June 6, 2002}} }}</ref>

<ref name="Courting">{{Cite news| first=Joel | last=Sappell |author2=Welkos, Robert W. | url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-scientology062590b-story.html | title=The Courting of Celebrities| work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | page=A18:5 | date=25 June 1990 | access-date=6 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920145311/https://www.latimes.com/local/la-scientology062590b-story.html |archive-date=September 20, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="deseret">{{Cite web |url=http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0%2C1249%2C595091823%2C00.html |title=Scientology: Church now claims more than 8 million members |access-date=August 1, 2007 |last=Jarvik |first=Elaine |date=September 18, 2004 |website=[[Deseret News]] |quote=Melton, who has been criticized by some for being too easy on Scientology, and has been criticized by the church for being too harsh, says that the church's estimates of its membership numbers&nbsp;– 4 million in the United States, 8 to 9 million worldwide&nbsp;– are exaggerated. "You're talking about anyone who ever bought a Scientology book or took a basic course. Ninety-nine percent of them don't ever darken the door of the church again." If the church indeed had four million members in the United States, he says, "they would be like the Lutherans and would show up on a national survey" such as the Harris poll. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060101124818/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0%2C1249%2C595091823%2C00.html |archive-date=January 1, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Flinn-WashingtonPost">{{Cite news |first=Frank K. |last=Flinn |title=Scientology |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2005/06/30/DI2005063001394.html |work=Live discussion |publisher=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 5, 2005 |access-date=February 4, 2008 |archive-date=April 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409210227/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2005/06/30/DI2005063001394.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Garcia">{{Cite book |last= Jackson |first=Blair |title= Garcia: An American Life |publisher= Penguin |year=2000 |ol=7352501M |isbn= 978-0-14-029199-5}}</ref>

<ref name="Harley2009">{{Cite book |last1=Harley |first1=Gail M. |last2=Kieffer |first2=John |chapter=The Development and Reality of Auditing |title=Scientology|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3|pages=183–205}}</ref>

<ref name="heraldsun">{{Cite web |url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22038951-2862,00.html |title=Religion's rise in the stars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804191745/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22038951-2862,00.html |archive-date=August 4, 2007 |work=Herald Sun |date=July 9, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="hubbard-ethics">{{cite book |title=Introduction to Scientology Ethics |author=[[L. Ron Hubbard Library]] |publisher=[[Bridge Publications]] |isbn=9781403144904 |ol=16702654M |year=2007}}</ref>

<ref name="infoplease">{{Cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0922574.html|title=Self-Described Religious Identification Among American Adults|website=InfoPlease|access-date=July 15, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309223251/http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0922574.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Kent">{{Cite journal| last = Kent | first = Stephen A. | author-link = Stephen A. Kent |date=January 2001 | title = The French and German versus American Debate over 'New Religions', Scientology, and Human Rights | journal = Marburg Journal of Religion | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | url = http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/kent2.html | access-date = 6 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207232406/http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/kent2.html |archive-date=February 7, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="Leggett">{{Cite news| first = Jonathan | last = Leggett | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/mar/25/popandrock | title = Cult musicians | work = [[The Guardian]]| publisher = Guardian Newspapers Limited | date = 25 March 2006 | access-date = 23 June 2008 | location=London}}</ref>

<ref name="lewis2004">{{Cite journal | last = Lewis | first = James R. | title = New Religion Adherents: An Overview of Anglophone Census and Survey Data | journal = Marburg Journal of Religion | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | date = September 2004 | url = http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/pdf/2004/lewis2004.pdf | access-date = February 15, 2007 | archive-date = July 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070717171834/http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/mjr/pdf/2004/lewis2004.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Lewis2009b">{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |chapter=The Growth of Scientology and the Stark Model of Religious 'Success' |title=Scientology |year=2009 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001 |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 |pages=117–140 }}</ref>

<ref name="Lewis2012">{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |year=2012 |chapter=Scientology: Up Stat, Down Stat |title=The Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-new-religious-movements/A12643CA4E36C2F5CC5C5382A252AAAB|editor1=Olav Hammer |editor2=Mikael Rothstein |location=Cambridge/New York|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-19650-5 |pages=133–149 |ol=25323554M}}</ref>

<ref name="malko">{{cite book |first=George |last=Malko |title=Scientology: The Now Religion |title-link=Scientology: The Now Religion |year=1970 |publisher=[[Delacorte Press]] |ol=5444962M}}</ref>

<ref name="meier">{{Cite journal |last=Meier |first=Jürgen |title=Scientology ist weder Kirche noch Sekte!:Scientology, Eine Spatburgerliche Science-Fiction-Ideologie |journal=Utopie |volume=206 |pages=1138–1152 |date=December 2007 |url=http://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/206Meier.pdf |access-date=8 June 2010 |language=de |trans-title=Scientology is neither Church nor Sect! Scientology, a late-bourgeois science-fiction ideology}}</ref>

<ref name="New Yorker">{{Cite magazine | last = Wright | first = Lawrence | title = The Apostate | magazine = The New Yorker | date = February 2011 | url = https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/02/14/110214fa_fact_wright | access-date = February 18, 2020 | archive-date = July 3, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140703045530/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/02/14/110214fa_fact_wright | url-status = live }}</ref>

<ref name="newyorktimes">{{Cite news|last=Bernstein|first=Fred|title=In Pasadena, a Model for Scientology's Growth Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/business/10scientology.html|access-date=July 13, 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 9, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514163850/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/business/10scientology.html|archive-date=May 14, 2013|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

<ref name="nyt2010">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/07/us/07scientology.html|title=Defectors Say Church of Scientology Hides Abuse|first=Laurie|last=Goodstein|date=March 6, 2010|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=December 14, 2021|archive-date=July 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705020835/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/07/us/07scientology.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Oppenheimer">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/clear-scientology/|title=In the Clear: On Scientology|journal=The Nation|first=Mark|last=Oppenheimer|date=October 18, 2011|via=www.thenation.com|access-date=December 14, 2021|archive-date=October 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018160825/https://www.thenation.com/article/clear-scientology/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Ortega2008">{{Cite web|first=Tony |last=Ortega |title=Scientology's Crushing Defeat |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2008-06-24/news/Scientologys-Crushing-Defeat/full |work=[[The Village Voice]] |publisher=[[Village Voice Media]] |date=June 30, 2008 |access-date=September 17, 2008 |quote=Scientology president Heber Jentszch admitted several years ago that the six million number does not represent current membership but the total amount of people who have ever, since the founding in 1954, taken even a single Scientology course. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709230659/http://www.villagevoice.com/2008-06-24/news/Scientologys-Crushing-Defeat/full |archive-date=July 9, 2008 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ortega2014">{{Cite web|last=Ortega|first=Tony|author-link=Tony Ortega|title=Oops, Scientology Reveals a Key Fact About the Size of its Membership|url=https://tonyortega.org/2014/08/31/sunday-funnies-oops-scientology-reveals-a-key-fact-about-the-size-of-its-membership/|website=The Underground Bunker|date=August 31, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="otherfamousscientologists">{{Cite news |title=Scientology: Origins, celebrities and holdings |work=[[St. Petersburg Times]] |date=June 21, 2009 |url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/article1012139.ece |access-date=2010-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526073416/http://www.tampabay.com/news/article1012139.ece |archive-date=May 26, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 

<ref name="Palmer">{{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Susan J. |author-link=Susan J. Palmer |chapter=The Church of Scientology in France: Legal and Activist Counterattacks in the "War on Sectes" |title=Scientology |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001 |editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 |pages=295–322}}</ref>

<ref name="Possamai">{{Cite book |last1=Possamai |first1=Adam |last2=Possamai-Inesedy |first2=Alphia |chapter=Scientology Down Under |title=Scientology|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3|pages=345–361 }}</ref>

<ref name="reitman">{{cite book |last=Reitman |first=Janet |title=Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion |date=2011 |isbn=9780618883028 |ol=24881847M |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |title-link=Inside Scientology: The Story of America's Most Secretive Religion}}</ref>

<ref name=reitman-rs>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/inside-scientology-103288/ |title=Inside Scientology |date=February 8, 2011 |orig-date=February 23, 2006 |first=Janet |last=Reitman |author-link=Janet Reitman |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |url-status=<!--archived version is better--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502021124/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/inside-scientology-20110208 |archive-date=May 2, 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Richardson">{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=James T.|author-link=James T. Richardson|chapter=Scientology in Court: A Look at Some Major Cases from Various Nations |title=Scientology|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 |pages=283–294 }}</ref>

<ref name="Rigal-Cellard2009">{{Cite book |last=Rigal-Cellard |first=Bernadette |chapter=Scientology Missions International (SMI): An Immutable Model of Technological Missionary Activity |title=Scientology|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 |pages=325–334 }}</ref>

<ref name="rinder">{{cite book |title=A Billion Years: My Escape From a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology |first=Mike |last=Rinder |author-link=Mike Rinder |year=2022 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=9781982185763}}</ref>

<ref name="rushhour2">{{Cite news |first=Jim |last=Sullivan |title='Rush Hour 2' Does Double Time |work = [[The Boston Globe]] |date =August 6, 2001 |page=B10 |url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/rush-hour-2-does-double-time/docview/405417191/se-2 |via=ProQuest |url-access=subscription<!--wikipedia library--> |quote=When you think celebrity Scientologists, old-guard guys and gals such as Tom Cruise, John Travolta, and Kirstie Alley come to mind. Well, there's a new breed of auditing celeb in Hollywood, and they celebrated their good fortune at the Scientology Celebrity Centre annual anniversary gala in LA Saturday. New Scientologists who signed up for the affair - with entertainment provided by Chelsea native Chick Corea and rapper Doug E. Fresh - included Jenna Elfman ("Dharma & Greg"), Leah Remini ("The King of Queens"), Catherine Bell ("Jag"), Danny Masterson ("That '70s Show"), brother Christopher Masterson ("Malcolm in the Middle"), Lynsey Bartilson ("Grounded for Life"), Nancy Cartwright (the voice of Bart Simpson), Erika Christensen (the drug-addicted daughter in "Traffic"), and Jason Lee ("Almost Famous").}}</ref>

<ref name=SchneidersSMH21>{{Cite web|last=Schneiders|first=Ben |date=April 4, 2021 |title=Push for investigation into Scientology's charity status |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/push-for-investigation-into-scientology-s-charity-status-20210401-p57fsj.html|access-date=April 12, 2021|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref>

<ref name="starstuddedsect">{{Cite news|title=Scientology: A Star-Studded Sect – Scientology has a large following from many celebrities. |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/popup?id=1882601&contentIndex=1&start=false&page=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220195432/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/popup?id=1882601&contentIndex=1&start=false&page=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 February 2009 |access-date=23 June 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="straus">{{cite journal |title=Scientology "Ethics": Deviance, Identity and Social Control in a Cult-Like Social World |first=Roger |last=Straus |journal=[[Symbolic Interaction (journal)|Symbolic Interaction]] |volume=9 |issue=1 |date=Spring 1986 |pages=67–82 |doi=10.1525/si.1986.9.1.67 |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]] }}</ref>

<ref name="Urban">{{Cite journal | doi=10.1525/nr.2017.20.4.13|title = The Third Wall of Fire| journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions| volume=20| issue=4| pages=13–36|year = 2017|last1 = Urban|first1 = Hugh B.}}</ref>

<ref name="villagevoice.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/07/04/scientologists-how-many-of-them-are-there-anyway/|title=Scientologists: How Many Of Them Are There, Anyway?|date=July 4, 2011|website=The Village Voice|access-date=December 14, 2021|archive-date=August 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819074310/https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/07/04/scientologists-how-many-of-them-are-there-anyway/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="wallis">{{cite book |last=Wallis |first=Roy |author-link=Roy Wallis |title=The Road to Total Freedom: A Sociological Analysis of Scientology |title-link=The Road to Total Freedom |year=1977 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=0231042000 |ol=4596322M}}</ref>

<ref name="Westbrook2019">{{Cite book |last=Westbrook |first=Donald A. |year=2019 |title=Among the Scientologists: History, Theology, and Praxis |location=Oxford and New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=Oxford Studies in Western Esotericism |isbn=978-0190664978}}</ref>

<ref name="Willms2009">{{Cite book |last=Willms |first=Gerald |chapter=Scientology: 'Modern Religion' or 'Religion of Modernity'?|title=Scientology|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/scientology-9780195331493|year=2009|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.001.0001|editor-last=Lewis |editor-first=James R. |editor-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |location=Oxford/New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-5331-49-3 | pages=245–265 }}</ref>

<ref name="wright">{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Lawrence |author-link=Lawrence Wright |title=Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood and the Prison of Belief |publisher=[[Alfred A. Knopf]] |year=2013 |isbn=9780307700667 |ol=25424776M |title-link=Going Clear (book)}}</ref>

</references>