Editing Rajneesh (section)

=== Travels and return to Pune: 1985–1990 ===
[[File:Osho Rajneesh 1.jpg|thumb|Rajneesh in 1985|left]]
Following his exit from the US, Rajneesh returned to India, landing in Delhi on 17 November 1985. He was given a hero's welcome by his Indian disciples and denounced the United States, saying the world must "put the monster America in its place" and that "Either America must be hushed up or America will be the end of the world."<ref>{{Cite news
| title = World must put U.S. 'monster' in its place, guru says
| newspaper = [[Chicago Tribune]]
| date = 18 November 1985
| page = 5
 }}</ref> He then stayed for six weeks in [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh]]. In Manali, Rajneesh said that he was interested in buying, for use as a possible new commune site, an atoll in the South Pacific that [[Marlon Brando]] was trying to sell. According to Rajneesh, the island could be made much bigger by the addition of [[houseboat]]s and Japanese style [[Chinampa|floating garden]]s.<ref>{{harv|Sam|1997|page=194}}</ref> Sannyasins visited the island, but it was deemed unsuitable after they realised the area was prone to hurricanes.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Prem Shunyo, Ma|title=My diamond days with Osho|date=1999|publisher=Full Circle|isbn=81-7621-036-6|pages=163|oclc=45025699}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title='Wild, Wild Country': Meet the Holocaust Survivor and archnemesis of Ma Anand Sheela|url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/MAGAZINE-wild-wild-country-how-holocaust-survivor-became-osho-s-right-hand-1.6096496|access-date=13 August 2021|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref> When non-Indians in his party had their visas revoked, he moved on to [[Kathmandu]], Nepal, and then, a few weeks later, to [[Crete]]. Arrested after a few days by the [[National Intelligence Service (Greece)|Greek National Intelligence Service]] (KYP), he flew to [[Geneva]], then to [[Stockholm]] and London, but was in each case refused entry. Next Canada refused landing permission, so his plane returned to [[Shannon, County Clare|Shannon]] airport, Ireland, to refuel. There he was allowed to stay for two weeks at a hotel in [[Limerick]], on condition that he did not go out or give talks. He had been granted a Uruguayan identity card, one-year provisional residency and a possibility of permanent residency, so the party set out, stopping at [[Madrid]], where the plane was surrounded by the ''[[Guardia Civil (Spain)|Guardia Civil]]''. He was allowed to spend one night at [[Dakar]], then continued to [[Recife]] and [[Montevideo]]. In Uruguay, the group moved to a house at [[Punta del Este]] where Rajneesh began speaking publicly until 19 June, after which he was "invited to leave" for no official reason. A two-week visa was arranged for Jamaica, but on arrival in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] police gave the group 12 hours to leave. Refuelling in [[Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador|Gander]] and in Madrid, Rajneesh returned to Bombay, India, on 30 July 1986.<ref>{{harvnb|Carter|1990|p=241}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Shunyo|1993|pp=121, 131, 151}}</ref>

In January 1987, Rajneesh returned to the ashram in Pune<ref name="JMF29">{{harvnb|Fox|2002|p=29}}</ref><ref name="JSG223">{{harvnb|Gordon|1987|p=223}}</ref> where he held evening discourses each day, except when interrupted by intermittent ill health.<ref name="JMF34"/><ref name="TLS197-198" /> Publishing and therapy resumed and the ashram underwent expansion,<ref name="JMF34">{{harvnb|Fox|2002|p=34}}</ref><ref name="TLS197-198">{{harvnb|Aveling|1994|pp=197–198}}</ref> now as a "Multiversity" where therapy was to function as a bridge to meditation.<ref name="TLS197-198" /> Rajneesh devised new "meditation therapy" methods such as the "Mystic Rose" and began to lead meditations in his discourses after a gap of more than ten years.<ref name="JMF34"/><ref name="TLS197-198" /> His western disciples formed no large communes, mostly preferring ordinary independent living.<ref name="JMF3233">{{harvnb|Fox|2002|pp=32–33}}</ref> Red/orange dress and the ''mala'' were largely abandoned, having been optional since 1985.<ref name="TLS197-198" /> The wearing of maroon robes—only while on ''ashram'' premises—was reintroduced in the summer of 1989, along with white robes worn for evening meditation and black robes for group leaders.<ref name="TLS197-198" />

In November 1987, Rajneesh expressed his belief that his deteriorating health (nausea, fatigue, pain in extremities, and lack of resistance to infection) was due to poisoning by the US authorities while in prison.<ref name="JMF35-36">{{harvnb|Fox|2002|pp=35–36}}</ref> His doctors and former attorney, [[Philip Toelkes]] (Swami Prem Niren), hypothesised [[radiation]] and [[thallium]] in a deliberately irradiated mattress, since his symptoms were concentrated on the right side of his body,<ref name="JMF35-36" /> but presented no hard evidence.<ref name="PalSha148">{{harvnb|Palmer|Sharma|1993|p=148}}</ref> US attorney Charles H. Hunter described this as "complete fiction", while others suggested exposure to HIV or chronic diabetes and stress.<ref name="JMF35-36" /><ref>Akre B. S.: [https://web.archive.org/web/20030518225656/http://skepticfiles.org/cultinfo/gurupois.htm ''Rajneesh Conspiracy''], Associated Press Writer, Portland (APwa 12/15 1455)</ref>

From early 1988, Rajneesh's discourses focused exclusively on [[Zen]].<ref name="JMF34"/> In early 1989, Rajneesh gave a series of some of the longest lectures he had given, titled "Communism and Zen Fire, Zen Wind", in which he criticised capitalism and spoke of the possibilities of sannyas in Russia. In these talks he stated that communism could evolve into spiritualism, and spiritualism into anarchism.<ref name=":6">{{harv|Sam|1997|page=247}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> "I have always been very scientific in my approach, either outside or inside. Communism can be the base. Then spirituality has to be its growth, to provide what is missing."<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=Anand Urmila|first=Ma|title=Osho: Call of the Ocean|publisher=Zorba Designs, Hotel Surya Villa, Koregaon Park, Pune|year=2006|location=India|page=101}}</ref> In late December, he said he no longer wished to be referred to as "Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh", and in February 1989 took the name "Osho Rajneesh", shortened to "Osho" in September.<ref name="JMF34"/><ref name="Süss30">{{harvnb|Süss|1996|p=30}}</ref> He also requested that all trademarks previously branded with "Rajneesh" be rebranded "OSHO".<ref>{{cite web|title=OSHO: Background Information |url=http://www.osho.info/trademark_information.asp |format=[[etext]] |access-date=10 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220235038/http://www.osho.info/trademark_information.asp |archive-date=20 February 2012 }}</ref><ref name="osho.com"/> The Buddhist honorific "[[Oshō]]", which literally means "on whom the heavens shower flowers", was borrowed from [[William James]]' "oceanic [experience]" as in "[[Moksha|dissolving into the ocean]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pace |first=Eric |date=1990-01-20 |title=Baghwan Shree Rajneesh, Indian Guru, Dies at 58 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/20/obituaries/baghwan-shree-rajneesh-indian-guru-dies-at-58.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331143122/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/20/obituaries/baghwan-shree-rajneesh-indian-guru-dies-at-58.html |archive-date=2009-03-31 |access-date=2025-09-08 |work=The New York Times |pages=30 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajneesh, Osho |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rajneesh-osho |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Encyclopedia.com |series=Encyclopedia of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarlo |first=Deva |date=2015-07-09 |title=The Name of the Story is the Story of a Name |url=https://www.oshonews.com/2015/07/09/the-name-of-the-story-is-the-story-of-a-name/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Osho News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

His health continued to weaken. He delivered his last public discourse in April 1989, from then on simply sitting in silence with his followers.<ref name="JMF35-36" /> Shortly before his death, Rajneesh suggested that one or more audience members at evening meetings (now referred to as the ''White Robe Brotherhood'') were subjecting him to some form of evil magic.<ref name="JMF37">{{harvnb|Fox|2002|p=37}}</ref><ref name="Shunyo252253">{{harvnb|Shunyo|1993|pp=252–253}}</ref> A search for the perpetrators was undertaken, but none could be found.<ref name="JMF37" /><ref name="Shunyo252253" />